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Use of the Jung/Myers Model of Personality Types to Identify and Engage with Individuals at Greatest Risk of Experiencing Depression and Anxiety

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Abstract

Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. Objectives were (1) to determine the strength of the association between personality type with depression and anxiety using the Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire (PCSQ©) and the Four-Item Patient Health Questionnaire for Depression and Anxiety (PHQ-4) and (2) evaluate the extent to which severity of depression and anxiety is associated with personality type. Data were collected via a self-administered online survey of 10,500. Chi-square analysis compared personality types and depression and anxiety. Practical significance was determined by calculating the percentage-from-expected score based on established statistics reflecting each personality type’s percentage in the US population. Personality type was strongly associated with both depression and anxiety with certain types at significantly greater risk than others. Findings can improve the research and clinical community’s understanding of the specific risk factors and triggers for depression and anxiety, and result in more efficacious, tailored treatment options.

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Acknowledgments

Use of the proprietary, copyrighted tool: the “Preferred Communication Style Questionnaire” was obtained from Paul D. Tieger, SpeedReading People, LLC, 100 Allyn Street, Hartford, CT 06103, paul@speedreadingpeople.com.

The Adherence Predictive Index™ are copyrighted by SpeedReading People, LLC, 100 Allyn Street, Hartford, CT 06103, paul@speedreadingpeople.com.

The authors gratefully acknowledge colleagues who provided advice and insights that were used for this paper: Marcia M. Worley, Onyeka (Peter) Godwin, Mohamed Rashrash, Kelly Tieger, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, and Basma T. Gomaa.

The authors gratefully acknowledge Stacey Stark, Director of the Geospatial Analysis Center, University of Minnesota – Duluth for geospatial mapping used for this study.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of Rebecca Crowell, Kendra Williams, and Catherine MacLean of Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center (SFHMC) in Hartford, CT. Two studies conducted at SFHMC—“validation of the patient’s preferred communication style” and “the risk factors associated with personality type study”—were extremely useful in refining and analyzing data from this current study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3092, Storrs, CT, 06269-3092, USA

    Nathaniel Rickles PharmD, PhD, BCPP

  2. Research Division/ 6 AV-2, Essentia institute of Rural Health, 502 East 2nd St, Duluth, MN, 55805, USA

    Anthony W. Olson PharmD, PhD

  3. SpeedReading People, LLC, 100 Allyn Street, Hartford, CT, 06103, USA

    Paul D. Tieger MS

  4. College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Jon C. Schommer PhD

  5. Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866, USA

    Lawrence M. Brown PharmD, PhD

Authors
  1. Nathaniel Rickles PharmD, PhD, BCPP
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  2. Anthony W. Olson PharmD, PhD
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  3. Paul D. Tieger MS
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  4. Jon C. Schommer PhD
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  5. Lawrence M. Brown PharmD, PhD
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathaniel Rickles PharmD, PhD, BCPP.

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Conflict of Interest

Mr. Paul Tieger’s primary disclosure is as primary author of the PCSQ© which is a primary instrument developed by his company SpeedReadingPeople, LLC. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. This project was funded by the University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, Peters Chair in Pharmacy Practice Innovation and by the Chapman University, School of Pharmacy.

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Rickles, N., Olson, A.W., Tieger, P.D. et al. Use of the Jung/Myers Model of Personality Types to Identify and Engage with Individuals at Greatest Risk of Experiencing Depression and Anxiety. J Behav Health Serv Res 48, 446–467 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09724-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09724-2

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