Abstract
Mental health (MH) disorders are associated with HIV-related risk and health outcomes. Primary care providers (PCPs) conducting MH screenings can link persons living with HIV (PWH) to appropriate services, particularly in HIV burden areas of Southeastern States (the South). Little data exist on PCPs’ MH screening practices. Depression, MH history, and substance use screenings among PCPs were examined in the South. Rao-Scott chi-square (χ2[df]) statistics (p ≤ 0.05) analyzed MH screening between PCPs with and without PWH patients. Compared with PCPs without PWH patients, PCPs with PWH patients routinely screened for substance use more frequently (50.6% vs. 43.2%; χ2[1] = 20.3; p < 0.0001). Compared with PCPs without PWH patients, PCPs with PWH patients routinely screened for depression less frequently (36.2% vs. 50.9%; χ2[1] = 32.0; p < 0.0001). Providers increasing MH screenings will improve HIV-related outcomes in the South.
References
Heywood W, Lyons A. HIV and elevated mental health problems: diagnostic, treatment, and risk patterns for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a national community-based cohort of gay men living with HIV. AIDS and Behavior. 2016;20(8):1632-1645.
Williamson TJ, Mahmood Z, Kuhn TP, et al. Differential relationships between social adversity and depressive symptoms by HIV status and racial/ethnic identity. Health Psychology. 2017;36(2):133.
Kong MC, Nahata MC, Lacombe VA, et al. Association between race, depression, and antiretroviral therapy adherence in a low-income population with HIV infection. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2012;27(9):1159-1164.
Skalski LM, Watt MH, MacFarlane JC, et al. Mental health and substance use among patients in a North Carolina HIV clinic. North Carolina Medical Journal. 2015;76(3):148-155.
Tsuyuki K, Pitpitan EV, Levi-Minzi MA, et al. Substance use disorders, violence, mental health, and HIV: differentiating a syndemic factor by gender and sexuality. AIDS and Behavior. 2017;21(8):2270-2282.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV in the United States by Geography. 2017; https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics/cdc-hiv-geographic-distribution.pdf. Accessed Oct 3, 2019.
Reeves WC, Strine TW, Pratt LA, et al. Mental illness surveillance among adults in the United States. MMWR Surveillance Summary. 2011;60(Suppl 3):1-29.
Slot M, Sodemann M, Gabel C, et al. Factors associated with risk of depression and relevant predictors of screening for depression in clinical practice: a cross-sectional study among HIV-infected individuals in Denmark. HIV Medicine. 2015;16(7):393-402.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report 2017. 2018; http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/library/reports/hiv-surveillance.html. Accessed Oct 3, 2019.
Kato E, Borsky AE, Zuvekas SH, et al. Missed opportunities for depression screening and treatment in the United States. Journal of American Board of Family Medicine. 2018;31(3):389-397.
Israelski D, Prentiss D, Lubega S, et al. Psychiatric co-morbidity in vulnerable populations receiving primary care for HIV/AIDS. AIDS Care. 2007;19(2):220-225.
Dorell CG, Sutton MY, Oster AM, et al. Missed opportunities for HIV testing in health care settings among young African American men who have sex with men: implications for the HIV epidemic. AIDS Patient Care and STDS. 2011;25(11):657-664.
Kendall C, Manuel D, Younger J, et al. A population-based study evaluating family physicians’ HIV experience and care of people living with HIV in Ontario. Annals of Family Medicine. 2015;13(5):436-445.
Douglas S, Vides de Andrade AR, Boyd S, et al. Communication training improves patient-centered provider behavior and screening for soldiers’ mental health concerns. Patient Education and Counseling. 2016;99(7):1203-1212.
IQVIA. IQVIA: Research and development. 2018; https://www.iqvia.com/solutions/research-and-development. Accessed Jul 15, 2019.
Siller A, Tompkins L. The big four: analyzing complex sample survey data using SAS, SPSS, STATA, and SUDAAN. SAS Users Group International Conference; 2006; San Francisco, CA.
Shacham E, Nurutdinova D, Satyanarayana V, et al. Routine screening for depression: identifying a challenge for successful HIV care. AIDS Patient Care and STDS. 2009;23(11):949-955.
Remien RH, Bauman LJ, Mantell JE, et al. Barriers and facilitators to engagement of vulnerable populations in HIV primary care in New York City. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2015;69(Suppl 1):S16-S24.
Hodgkinson S, Godoy L, Beers LS, et al. Improving mental health access for low-income children and families in the primary care setting. Pediatrics. 2017;139(1):e20151175.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Reimbursement of mental health services in primary care settings. 2008; https://store.samhsa.gov/system/files/sma08-4324.pdf. Accessed Oct 3, 2019.
Bengtson AM, Pence BW, Crane HM, et al. Disparities in depressive symptoms and antidepressant treatment by gender and race/ethnicity among people living with HIV in the United States. PLoS One. 2016;11(8):e0160738.
Nash D, Elul B, Rabkin M, et al. Strategies for more effective monitoring and evaluation systems in HIV programmatic scale-up in resource-limited settings: Implications for health systems strengthening. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2009;52:S58-S62.
Das AK, Olfson M, Gameroff MJ, et al. Screening for bipolar disorder in a primary care practice. The Journal of the American Medical Associated. 2005;293(8):956-963.
Edwards M, Quinlivan EB, Bess K, et al. Implementation of PHQ-9 depression screening for HIV-infected patients in a real-world setting. The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care. 2014;25(3):243-252.
Funding
Funding for the K-BAP Study is provided by contract # 200-2015-F-87651 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Disclaimer
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gaines, M.T., Duke, C.C. & Henny, K.D. Mental Health Screening Practices Among Primary Care Providers in High HIV Burden Areas of the South: Does Having Patients with HIV Matter?. J Behav Health Serv Res 48, 103–111 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09719-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-020-09719-z