Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose a novel smoothing descent type algorithm with extrapolation for solving a class of constrained nonsmooth and nonconvex problems, where the nonconvex term is possibly nonsmooth. Their algorithm adopts the proximal gradient algorithm with extrapolation and a safe-guarding policy to minimize the smoothed objective function for better practical and theoretical performance. Moreover, the algorithm uses a easily checking rule to update the smoothing parameter to ensure that any accumulation point of the generated sequence is an (affine-scaled) Clarke stationary point of the original nonsmooth and nonconvex problem. Their experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Attouch, H., Bolte, J. and Svaiter, B. F., Convergence of descent methods for semi-algebraic and tame problems: Proximal algorithms, forward-backward splitting, and regularized Gauss-Seidel methods, Math. Program., 137, 2013, 91–129.
Bao, C. L., Dong, B., Hou, L. K., et al., Image restoration by minimizing zero norm of wavelet frame coefficients, Inverse Probl., 32, 2016, 115004.
Bian, W. and Chen, X. J., Linearly constrained non-Lipschitz optimization for image restoration, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 8, 2015, 2294–2322.
Bian, W. and Chen, X. J., Optimality and complexity for constrained optimization problems with non-convex regularization, Math. Oper. Res., 42, 2017, 1063–1084.
Bian, W. and Chen, X. J., A smoothing proximal gradient algorithm for nonsmooth convex regression with cardinality penalty, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 58, 2020, 858–883.
Bian, W., Chen, X. J. and Ye, Y. Y., Complexity analysis of interior point algorithms for non-Lipschitz and nonconvex minimization, Math. Program., 149, 2015, 301–327.
Bonettini, S., Loris, I., Porta, F., et al., On the convergence of a linesearch based proximal-gradient method for nonconvex optimization, Inverse Probl., 33, 2017, 055005.
Burke, J. V., Ferris, M. C. and Qian, M. J., On the Clarke subdifferential of the distance function of a closed set, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 166, 1992, 199–213.
Candes, E. J., Wakin, M. B. and Boyd, S. P., Enhancing sparsity by reweighted ℓ1 minimization, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 14, 2008, 877–905.
Chan, R. H., Tao, M. and Yuan, X. M., Constrained total variation deblurring models and fast algorithms based on alternating direction method of multipliers, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 6, 2013, 680–697.
Chen, X. J., Smoothing methods for nonsmooth, nonconvex minimization, Math. Program., 134, 2012, 71–99.
Chen, X. J., Ng, M. K. and Zhang, C., Non-Lipschitz ℓp-regularization and box constrained model for image restoration, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 21, 2012, 4709–4721.
Chen, X. J., Niu, L. F. and Yuan, Y. X., Optimality conditions and a smoothing trust region Newton method for nonLipschitz optimization, SIAM J. Optim., 23, 2013, 1528–1552.
Chen, X. J. and Zhou, W. J., Smoothing nonlinear conjugate gradient method for image restoration using nonsmooth nonconvex minimization, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 3, 2010, 765–790.
Chen, Y. M., Liu, H. C., Ye, X. J. and Zhang, Q. C., Learnable descent algorithm for nonsmooth nonconvex image reconstruction, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 14, 2021, 1532–1564.
Clarke, F. H., Optimization and Nonsmooth Analysis, John Wiley and Sons, Philadelphia, 1990.
Foucart, S. and Lai, M. J., Sparsest solutions of underdetermined linear systems via ℓq-minimization for 0 < q < 1, Appl. Comput. Harmon. Anal., 26, 2009, 395–407.
Fukushima, M. and Mine, H., A generalized proximal point algorithm for certain non-convex minimization problems, International Journal of Systems Science, 12, 1981, 989–1000.
Gao, Y. M. and Wu, C. L., On a general smoothly truncated regularization for variational piecewise constant image restoration: construction and convergent algorithms, Inverse Probl., 36, 2020, 045007.
Ghadimi, S. and Lan, G. H., Accelerated gradient methods for nonconvex nonlinear and stochastic programming, Math. Program., 156, 2016, 59–99.
Gu, B., Wang, D., Huo, Z. Y. and Huang, H., Inexact proximal gradient methods for non-convex and non-smooth optimization, in AAAI, 32, 2018.
Hintermüller, M. and Wu, T., Nonconvex TVq-models in image restoration: Analysis and a trust-region regularization based superlinearly convergent solver, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 6, 2013, 1385–1415.
Kak, A. C. and Slaney, M., Principles of Computerized Tomographic Imaging, Philadelphia, PA, USA: SIAM, 2001.
Kong, W. W., Melo, J. G. and Monteiro, R. D., Complexity of a quadratic penalty accelerated inexact proximal point method for solving linearly constrained nonconvex composite programs, SIAM J. Optim., 29, 2019, 2566–2593.
Kong, W. W., Melo, J. G. and Monteiro, R. D., An efficient adaptive accelerated inexact proximal point method for solving linearly constrained nonconvex composite problems, Comput. Optim. Appl., 76, 2020, 305–346.
Lai, M. J. and Xu, Y. Y. and Yin, W. T., Improved iteratively reweighted least squares for unconstrained smoothed ℓq minimization, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 51, 2013, 927–957.
Li, H. and Lin, Z. C., Accelerated proximal gradient methods for nonconvex programming, in NIPS, 2015, 379–387.
Li, Q. W., Zhou, Y., Liang, Y. B. and Varshney, P. K., Convergence analysis of proximal gradient with momentum for nonconvex optimization, in ICML, PMLR, 2017, 2111–2119.
Lions, P.-L. and Mercier, B., Splitting algorithms for the sum of two nonlinear operators, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 16, 1979, 964–979.
Liu, Z. F., Wu, C. L. and Zhao, Y, N., A new globally convergent algorithm for non-Lipschitz lp − lq minimization, Adv. Comput. Math., 45, 2019, 1369–1399.
Nesterov, Y., Smooth minimization of non-smooth functions, Math. Program., 103, 2005, 127–152.
Nikolova, M., Analysis of the recovery of edges in images and signals by minimizing nonconvex regularized least-squares, SIAM J. Multiscale Model. Simul., 4, 2005, 960–991.
Nikolova, M., Ng, M. K. and Tam, C. P., Fast nonconvex nonsmooth minimization methods for image restoration and reconstruction, IEEE Trans. Image Process., 19, 2010, 3073–3088.
Nikolova, M., Ng, M. K., Zhang, S. Q. and Ching, W. K., Efficient reconstruction of piecewise constant images using nonsmooth nonconvex minimization, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 1, 2008, 2–25.
Ochs, P., Chen, Y. J., Brox, T. and Pock, T., iPiano: Inertial proximal algorithm for nonconvex optimization, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 7, 2014, 1388–1419.
Ochs, P., Dosovitskiy, A., Brox, T. and Pock, T., On iteratively reweighted algorithms for nonsmooth nonconvex optimization in computer vision, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 8, 2015, 331–372.
Rudin, L. I., Osher, S. and Fatemi, E., Nonlinear total variation based noise removal algorithms, Phys. D, Nonlinear Phenomena, 60, 1992, 259–168.
Villa, S., Salzo, S., Baldassarre, L. and Verri, A., Accelerated and inexact forward-backward algorithms, SIAM J. Optim, 23, 2013, 1607–1633.
Wang, W. and Chen, Y. M., An accelerated smoothing gradient method for nonconvex nonsmooth minimization in image processing, J. Sci. Comput., 90, 2022, 1–18.
Wang, W., Wu, C. L. and Gao, Y. M., A nonconvex truncated regularization and box-constrained model for CT reconstruction, Inverse Probl. Imag., 14, 2020, 867–890.
Wang, W., Wu, C. L. and Tai, X. C., A globally convergent algorithm for a constrained non-Lipschitz image restoration model, J. Sci. Comput., 83, 2020, 1–19.
Wen, B., Chen, X. J. and Pong, T. K., Linear convergence of proximal gradient algorithm with extrapolation for a class of nonconvex nonsmooth minimization problems, SIAM J. Optim., 27, 2017, 124–145.
Wu, C. L. and Tai, X. C., Augmented Lagrangian method, dual methods, and split Bregman iteration for ROF, vectorial TV, and high order models, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 3, 2010, 300–339.
Wu, Z. and Li, M., General inertial proximal gradient method for a class of nonconvex nonsmooth optimization problems, Comput. Optim. Appl., 73, 2019, 129–158.
Xu, Z. B., Chang, X. Y., Xu, F. M. and Zhang, H., ℓ½ regularization: A thresholding representation theory and a fast solver, IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst., 23, 2012, 1013–1027.
Yang, L., Proximal gradient method with extrapolation and line search for a class of nonconvex and nonsmooth problems, 2017, arXiv:1711.06831.
Yao, Q. M., Kwok, J. T., Gao, F., et al., Efficient inexact proximal gradient algorithm for nonconvex problems, 2016, arXiv:1612.09069.
Zeng, C. and Jia, R. and Wu, C. L., An iterative support shrinking algorithm for non-Lipschitz optimization in image restoration, J. Math. Imaging Vis., 61, 2019, 122–139.
Zeng, C. and Wu, C. L., On the edge recovery property of noncovex nonsmooth regularization in image restoration, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 56, 2018, 1168–1182.
Zhang, H. M., Dong, B. and Liu, B. D., A reweighted joint spatial-radon domain CT image reconstruction model for metal artifact reduction, SIAM J. Imaging Sci., 11, 2018, 707–733.
Zhang, X. and Zhang, X. Q., A new proximal iterative hard thresholding method with extrapolation for ℓ0 minimization, J. Sci. Comput., 79, 2019, 809–826.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12001144), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LQ20A010007) and NSF/DMS-2152961.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, Y., Liu, H. & Wang, W. Extrapolated Smoothing Descent Algorithm for Constrained Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Composite Problems. Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 43, 1049–1070 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11401-022-0377-7
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11401-022-0377-7
Keywords
- Constrained nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization
- Smooth approximation
- Proximal gradient algorithm with extrapolation
- Gradient descent algorithm
- Image reconstruction