Skip to main content
Log in

Raw Trajectory Rectification via Scene-Free Splitting and Stitching

  • Regular Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Computer Science and Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Trajectories carry rich motion cues and thus have been leveraged to many high-level computer vision tasks. Due to the easy implementation of simple trackers, most previous work on trajectory-based applications utilizes raw tracking outputs without explicitly considering tracking errors. Reliable trajectories are prerequisite for modeling and recognizing high-level behaviors. Therefore, this paper tackles such problems by rectifying raw trajectories, which aims to post-process existing trajectories. Our approach firstly splits them into short tracks, and then infers identity ambiguity to remove unqualified detection responses. At last, short tracks are stitched via maximum bipartite graph matching. This postprocessing is completely scene-free. Results of trajectory rectification and their benefits are both evaluated on two challenging datasets. Results demonstrate that rectified trajectories are conducive to high-level tasks and the proposed approach is also competitive with state-of-the-art multi-target tracking methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Junejo I N, Foroosh H. Trajectory rectification and path modeling for video surveillance. In Proc. the 11th International Conference on Computer Vision, October 2007.

  2. Makris D, Ellis T. Learning semantic scene models from observing activity in visual surveillance. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B: Cybernetics, 2005, 35(3): 397–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang X, Tieu K, Grimson W E L. Correspondence-free activity analysis and scene modeling in multiple camera views. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2010, 32(1): 56–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hu W, Li X, Tian G, Maybank S, Zhang Z. An incremental DPMM-based method for trajectory clustering, modeling, and retrieval. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2013, 35(5): 1051–1065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Morris B, Trivedi M. Trajectory learning for activity understanding: Unsupervised, multilevel, and long-term adaptive approach. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2011, 33(11): 2287–2301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Yan W, Forsyth D A. Learning the behavior of users in a public space through video tracking. In Proc. the 7th IEEE Workshops on Application of Computer Vision, January 2005, pp.370-377.

  7. Ma S G, Wang W Q. Effectively discriminating fighting shots in action movies. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 2011, 26(1): 187–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang T, Lu H, Li S Z. Learning semantic scene models by object classification and trajectory clustering. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2009, pp.1940-1947.

  9. Chen K W, Lai C C, Lee P J, Chen C S, Hung Y P. Adaptive learning for target tracking and true linking discovering across multiple non-overlapping cameras. IEEE Trans. Multimedia, 2011, 13(4): 625–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Javed O, Shafique K, Rasheed Z, Shah M. Modeling intercamera space-time and appearance relationships for tracking across non-overlapping views. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 2008, 109(2):146–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lucas B, Kanade T. An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision. In Proc. IJCAI, Aug. 1981, pp.674-679.

  12. Chen X L, Yang L. Towards monitoring human activities using an omnidirectional camera. In Proc. the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces, October 2002, pp.423-428.

  13. Ferryman J, Shahrokni A. PETS2009: Dataset and challenge. In Proc. the 12th International Workshop on Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Surveillance (PETS-Winter), December 2009.

  14. Kuo C H, Huang C, Nevatia R. Multi-target tracking by on-line learned discriminative appearance models. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2010, pp.685-692.

  15. Zheng W S, Gong S, Xiang T. Reidentification by relative distance comparison. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2013, 35(3): 653–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Yang B, Nevatia R. Online learned discriminative partbased appearance models for multi-human tracking. In Proc. the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, October 2012, pp.484-498.

  17. Huang C, Wu B, Nevatia R. Robust object tracking by hierarchical association of detection responses. In Proc. the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision, October 2008, pp.788-801.

  18. Milan A, Schindler K, Roth S. Detection- and trajectorylevel exclusion in multiple object tracking. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2013, pp.3682-3689.

  19. Henriques J F, Caseiro R, Batista J. Globally optimal solution to multi-object tracking with merged measurements. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, November 2011, pp.2470-2477.

  20. Zamir A R, Dehghan A, Shah M. GMCP-tracker: Global multi-object tracking using generalized minimum clique graphs. In Proc. the 12th European Conference on Computer Vision, October 2012, pp.343-356.

  21. Xu Y, Qin L, Li G, Huang Q. Online discriminative structured output SVM learning for multi-target tracking. IEEE Signal Processing Letters, 2014, 21(2): 190–194.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Andriyenko A, Schindler K. Multi-target tracking by continuous energy minimization. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2011, pp.1265-1272.

  23. Wang B, Wang G, Chan K L, Wang L. Tracklet association with online target-specific metric learning. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2014, pp.1234-1241.

  24. Yang B, Nevatia R. Multi-target tracking by online learning a CRF model of appearance and motion patterns. International Journal of Computer Vision, 2014, 107(2): 203–217.

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Pirsiavash H, Ramanan D, Fowlkes C C. Globally-optimal greedy algorithms for tracking a variable number of objects. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2011, pp.1201-1208.

  26. Berclaz J, Fleuret F, Turetken E, Fua P. Multiple object tracking using k-shortest paths optimization. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2011, 33(9): 1806–1819.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yu Q, Medioni G. Multiple-target tracking by spatiotemporal Monte Carlo Markov chain data association. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2009, 31(12): 2196–2210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Rasmussen C, Hager G D. Probabilistic data association methods for tracking complex visual objects. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2001, 23(6): 560–576.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Guo C C, Chen S Z, Lai J H, Hu X J, Shi S C. Multi-shot person re-identification with automatic ambiguity inference and removal. In Proc. International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 2014, pp.3540-3545.

  30. Johnson S C. Hierarchical clustering schemes. Psychometrika, 1967, 32(3): 241–254.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Belongie S, Malik J, Puzicha J. Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2002, 24(4): 509–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Lian G, Lai J H, Zheng W S. Spatial-temporal consistent labeling of tracked pedestrians across non-overlapping camera views. Pattern Recognition, 2011, 44(5): 1121–1136.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Cheung Y. Rival penalization controlled competitive learning for data clustering with unknown cluster number. In Proc. the 9th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, November 2002, pp.467-471.

  34. Dalal N, Triggs B. Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. In Proc. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, June 2005, pp.886-893.

  35. Zivkovic Z. Improved adaptive Gaussian mixture model for background subtraction. In Proc. the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, August 2004, pp.28-31.

  36. Hare S, Saffari A, Torr P. Struck: Structured output tracking with kernels. In Proc. IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, November 2011, pp.263-270.

  37. Kalal Z, Mikolajczyk K, Matas J. Tracking-learningdetection. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2012, 34(7): 1409–1422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jian-Huang Lai.

Additional information

Special Section on Object Recognition

This work was supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China under Grant No. 2012BAK16B06 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 61173084.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Guo, CC., Hu, XJ., Lai, JH. et al. Raw Trajectory Rectification via Scene-Free Splitting and Stitching. J. Comput. Sci. Technol. 30, 364–372 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-015-1529-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11390-015-1529-y

Keywords

Navigation