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Körperliche Aktivität und die Inzidenz gastrointestinaler Karzinome in prospektiven Studien

Eine Literaturübersicht

Physical activity and incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in prospective studies

A literature review

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Der Gastroenterologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Körperliche Aktivität kann durch eine Reihe von Faktoren zur Prävention gastrointestinaler Karzinome beitragen. Zu diesen zählt ein günstiger Einfluss von körperlicher Aktivität auf Körperfett, Insulinresistenz, Darmflora, Geschlechtshormone, Wachstumsfaktoren, chronische Inflammation und oxidativen Stress. Außerdem kann körperliche Aktivität vor anderen gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen schützen, die selbst als Risikofaktoren für gastrointestinale Karzinome gelten, wie vor der gastroösophagealen Refluxerkrankung, der entzündlichen Darmerkrankung, dem Kolonadenom, der nichtalkoholischen Steatohepatitis und der Pankreatitis. Prospektive epidemiologische Studien zeigen, dass körperliche Aktivität statistisch signifikant invers mit dem Adenokarzinom des Ösophagus und der Kardia, dem kolorektalen Karzinom, dem intrahepatischen hepatozellulären Karzinom und dem Pankreaskarzinom assoziiert ist. Die Beziehungen von körperlicher Aktivität zum Plattenepithelkarzinom des Ösophagus, zum Nichtkardiakarzinom, zum Dünndarmkarzinom und zum intra- und extrahepatischen Cholangiokarzinom müssen hingegen noch anhand weiterer prospektiver Studien geklärt werden.

Abstract

Physical activity may contribute to the prevention of gastrointestinal carcinoma through the reduction of adipose tissue, sex hormones, growth factors, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress. In addition, physical activity strengthens the intestinal microbiome. It also decreases the risks and symptoms of gastrointestinal diseases including gastroesophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, colon adenoma, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and pancreatitis. Prospective epidemiologic studies revealed statistically significant inverse relationships of physical activity to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and cardia, colorectal carcinoma, intrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic carcinoma. In contrast, additional prospective studies are required to clarify the relationship of physical activity to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric non-cardia carcinoma, carcinoma of the small intestine, and intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Epidemiologie und Präventivmedizin, Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Deutschland

    G. Behrens & M. F. Leitzmann

  2. Programa de Fisioterapia, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Kolumbien

    L. V. Rivera-Amézquita

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  1. G. Behrens
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  2. L. V. Rivera-Amézquita
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  3. M. F. Leitzmann
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Correspondence to G. Behrens.

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Interessenkonflikt

G. Behrens, L.V. Rivera-Amézquita und M.F. Leitzmann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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W. Fischbach, Aschaffenburg

J.F. Riemann, Ludwigshafen

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Behrens, G., Rivera-Amézquita, L.V. & Leitzmann, M.F. Körperliche Aktivität und die Inzidenz gastrointestinaler Karzinome in prospektiven Studien. Gastroenterologe 14, 340–347 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-019-0371-0

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