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Chronische Pankreatitis – individualisierte Therapiekonzepte

Chronic pancreatitis—individualized treatment concepts

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Zusammenfassung

Die chronische Pankreatitis ist häufig durch wiederkehrende Schübe gekennzeichnet, die zu morphologischen Veränderungen des Parenchyms führen. Hierdurch kann es zu einem exokrinen als auch endokrinen Funktionsverlust kommen. Häufigste Ursachen der Erkrankung sind ein schädlicher Alkoholkonsum und das Rauchen. Selten liegt eine Fettstoffwechselstörung oder eine genetische Ursache der Erkrankung zugrunde. Die Therapie ist symptomatisch und umfasst die Substitution von Pankreasenzymen, die Einstellung eines pankreopriven Diabetes mellitus und interventionelle Maßnahmen bei komplizierten Verläufen. In vielen Fällen werden zunächst endoskopische Verfahren eingesetzt. Wenn diese nicht erfolgreich sind, sollten dem Patienten die chirurgischen Therapieoptionen erläutert werden. Im Idealfall sollte der Patient vor jeglicher Therapie ein eventuell vorhandenes Risikoverhalten abstellen und beispielsweise das Rauchen und den Alkoholkonsum beenden. Eine individualisierte Therapie mit interdisziplinärem Ansatz sollte bei dieser komplexen Erkrankung angestrebt werden. Die Betreuung von Patienten mit einem komplizierten Verlauf sollte Zentren mit entsprechender Expertise vorbehalten bleiben. Aufgrund des erhöhten Pankreaskarzinomrisikos sollten die Patienten in regelmäßigen Abständen untersucht werden, wobei es hier keine evidenzbasierten Algorithmen gibt.

Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by recurring attacks that lead to morphological changes of the pancreatic parenchyma. These can result in exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. In most cases the aetiology of the disease is alcohol misuse or smoking. Other aetiologies such as hypertriglyceridemia or underlying genetic alterations are rare. Therapeutic options are generally limited to symptomatic treatment. Here pancreatic enzymes are replaced orally, diabetes mellitus type 3c is managed in many cases with metformin or insulin and a multidisciplinary team should handle complicated disease courses. In these severe cases the first approach is often an endoscopic intervention. However, when this approach fails patients should be offered surgery. In the ideal situation the patient should stop smoking and drinking before any therapy is initiated. Individualized treatment with an interdisciplinary approach is required for this complex disorder. Consequently, care of patients with a complicated course should be reserved for centres with the appropriate expertise. As pancreatic cancer risk is elevated in patients with chronic pancreatitis, regular screening should be performed, although no evidence-based algorithms are available.

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Correspondence to J. Rosendahl.

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J. Rosendahl und C.W. Michalski geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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M. Fried, Zürich

R.M. Schmid, München

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Rosendahl, J., Michalski, C.W. Chronische Pankreatitis – individualisierte Therapiekonzepte. Gastroenterologe 13, 436–443 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-018-0298-x

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