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Analfisteln

Neue Therapiekonzepte

Anal fistulas

New treatment concepts

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Der Gastroenterologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Die Analfistel ist eine häufige Erkrankung, die meist aus dem Infekt einer Proktodealdrüse entsteht. Fisteln werden nach ihrer Beziehung zum Sphinkter als subanodermal, intersphinktär, transsphinktär, suprasphinktär und extrasphinktär klassifiziert. Distale Fisteln mit wenig beteiligter Schließmuskulatur werden komplett durchtrennt (Fistulotomie, Fistulektomie), proximale Fisteln werden mit einem muskelschonenden Verfahren, wie plastischer Fistelverschluss mit Mukosa-Flap, Fistulektomie mit primärer Sphinkterrekonstruktion, „ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT), Fistel-Plug, „over-the-scope clip“ (OTSC®), behandelt. Immer muss bei der Therapiewahl die Chance auf Heilung gegen das Risiko einer Kontinenzstörung abgewogen werden. Schlussendlich spielt die Erfahrung des koloproktologischen Operateurs eine entscheidende Rolle.

Abstract

Anal fistulas are a common condition mostly caused by an inflammation of the proctodeal anal glands. Anal fistulas are classified according to their relation to the anal sphincter muscles: subcutaneous, intersphincteric, transsphincteric, suprasphincteric, and extrasphincteric. Distal fistulas including small amounts of sphincter muscle are treated by lay open (fistulotomy, fistulectomy), while proximal fistulas are treated using sphincter-saving procedures, e.g. advancement flap, fistulectomy with primary sphincter reconstruction, ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT), fistula plugs, over the scope clip (OTSC®). When selecting the best surgical technique, the chance of healing and the risk of incontinence must be balanced. Finally, the experience of the colorectal surgeon plays an important role.

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Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien

Interessenkonflikt. A. Herold gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Herold, A. Analfisteln. Gastroenterologe 10, 191–196 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-015-0990-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-015-0990-z

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