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Gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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Zusammenfassung

Eine gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankunkung liegt vor, wenn der Übertritt von Mageninhalt in die Speiseröhre Symptome oder einen Schleimhautschaden verursacht. Die Säuresuppression mit Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) ist eine sichere und wirkungsvolle Therapie, verhindert aber keinen Reflux. Zwischen Refluxsymptomen, endoskopischen Befunden und der Säureexposition des Ösophagus besteht kein linearer Zusammenhang. Einige Patienten sprechen nicht auf die PPI-Therapie an, gastroskopisch ist die Speiseröhre oft normal, und auch in der pH-Metrie bleibt die Ursache der Symptome manchmal unklar. Obwohl die Säuresekretion wirkungsvoll unterdrückt werden kann, lässt sich der Reflux weit weniger gut beeinflussen.

Neben typischen Refluxsymptomen werden auch Dysphagie, nichtkardiale Thoraxschmerzen und chronischer Husten mit einer gastroösophagealen Refluxerkrankung in Verbindung gebracht; allerdings ist schwierig abzuschätzen, welche Patienten von einer Antirefluxtherapie profitieren. Dies ist relevant, da das Risiko für die Entwicklung eines Adenokarzinoms des Ösophagus bei Patienten mit Refluxsymptomen und speziell bei Vorliegen einer Barrett-Mukosa erhöht ist.

Diese Übersicht beschreibt, wie klinische und funktionsdiagnostische Befunde zu einer wirkungsvollen Therapie saurer und nichtsaurer Refluxepisoden beitragen können.

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is present when the passage of gastric contents into the esophagus causes symptoms or mucosal damage. Potent suppression of gastric acid secretion with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is an effective and safe treatment for many patients with this condition; however, acid suppression has not solved the problem of GERD. The relationship between reflux symptoms, endoscopic findings, and esophageal acid exposure is not straightforward. Some patients fail to respond to PPIs; at endoscopy, the esophagus is often normal, and pH studies may not reveal the cause of symptoms. It is clear that, although gastric acid secretion can be suppressed, we are far less successful at managing reflux itself.

Apart from „typical” reflux symptoms, other complaints, including dysphagia, noncardiac chest pain, and chronic cough, have been linked to GERD, but it can be difficult to identify those patients who will benefit from antireflux treatment. This is relevant because the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma is elevated in patients with reflux symptoms, in particular those with Barrett’s esophagus.

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Interessenkonflikt

Der korrespondierende Autor weist auf folgende Beziehungen hin: Referent auf Fortbildungsveranstaltungen, die u. a. von den Firmen AstraZeneca, Reckitt Benckiser und Sierra Scientific Instruments unterstützt wurden.

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Correspondence to M.R. Fox MA, MRCP.

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Fox, M., Frühauf, H. Gastroösophageale Refluxerkrankung. Gastroenterologe 3, 453–460 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-008-0210-1

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