Skip to main content

Leberzirrhose: Prävention

The prevention of liver cirrhosis

Zusammenfassung

Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer Leberzirrhose sind Toxine, chronische Hepatitiden und metabolische Lebererkrankungen. Daraus ergeben sich Strategien sowohl zur Prävention: Vermeidung von Noxen, Expositionsprophylaxe, Hepatitis-B-Immunisierung, frühzeitige Entdeckung hereditärer Lebererkrankungen (z. B. Hämochromatose). Durch eine rechtzeitig einsetzende wirksame Therapie chronischer Lebererkrankungen (z. B. Immunsuppression, Aderlass, Kupferelimination) lassen sich. z. T. irreversible Spätschäden verhindern, z. B. die Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms. Die Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B und C wird zunehmend effizient und individualisiert, doch führt sie nur bei einem Teil zu einer dauerhaften Virussuppression/-elimination; weitere antivirale Substanzen werden in klinischen Studien untersucht. Bei akuter HCV-Infektion sollte wegen des möglichen Einschlusses in eine klinische Studie Kontakt mit einem hepatologischen Zentrum aufgenommen werden. Bei einer chronischen Hepatitis D sollte die Indikation zur antiviralen Therapie möglichst nur in Kooperation mit einem hepatologischen Zentrum gestellt werden.

Abstract

Risk factors for the development of liver cirrhosis include toxins, chronic hepatitides and metabolic liver diseases. This knowledge has led to prevention strategies: avoiding exposure, vaccination against hepatitis B, and the early determination of hereditary liver diseases (e.g. hemochromatosis). The early use of effective treatment for chronic liver disease (e.g. immunosuppression, bloodletting, elimination of copper) allow, in part, the avoidance of later, irreversible sequelae such as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C is becoming increasingly efficient and individualized. Nevertheless, it leads to complete virus suppression/elimination only in some patients; additional antiviral substances are being examined in clinical studies. In cases of acute HCV infection, contact with a hepatology clinic should be made due to possible involvement in a clinical study. In cases of chronic hepatitis D, the indications for antiviral therapy should only be made in cooperation with such a clinic.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Abb. 1
Abb. 2

Literatur

  1. Folgori et al. (2006) A T cell HCV vaccine eliciting effective immunity against heterologous virus challenge in chimpanzees. Nat Med 12: 190–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Jaeckel et al. (2001) Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. N Engl J Med 345: 1452–1457

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Gerlach et al. (2003) Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance. Gastroenterology 125: 80–88

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Santantonio et al. (2005) Efficacy of a 24-week course of PEG-interferon alpha-2b monotherapy in patients with acute hepatitis C after failure of spontaneous clearance. J Hepatol 42: 329–333

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wedemeyer et al. (2006) Treatment duration in acute hepatitis C: the issue is not solved yet. Hepatology 44: 1051

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Janssen et al. (2005) Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet 365: 123–129

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Marcellin et al. (2004) Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 351: 1206–1217

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Colonno RJ (2006) Entecavir resistance is rare in nucleoside naive patients with hepatitis B. Hepatology 44: 1656–1665

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bommel van et al. (2004) Comparison of adefovir and tenofovir in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 40: 1421–1425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Craxi et al. (2003) Interferon-alpha for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 39: S99–S105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lok et al. (2007) Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 45: 507–539

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Keeffe et al. (2006) A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4: 936–962

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Moradpour et al. (2004) [Hepatitis C]. Ther Umsch 61: 493–498

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Zeuzem et al. (2006) Efficacy of 24 weeks treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 1 and low pretreatment viremia. J Hepatol 44: 97–103

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Mangia et al. (2005) Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for 12 vs. 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3. N Engl J Med 352: 2609–2617

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wagner von et al. (2005) Peginterferon-alpha-2a (40KD) and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 or 3 chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 129: 522–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Interessenkonflikt

Die korrespondierende Autorin gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to A.K. Schmieg-Kurz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Schmieg-Kurz, A., Blum, H. Leberzirrhose: Prävention. Gastroenterologe 2, 261–267 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-007-0096-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-007-0096-3

Schlüsselwörter

Keywords