Zusammenfassung
Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer Leberzirrhose sind Toxine, chronische Hepatitiden und metabolische Lebererkrankungen. Daraus ergeben sich Strategien sowohl zur Prävention: Vermeidung von Noxen, Expositionsprophylaxe, Hepatitis-B-Immunisierung, frühzeitige Entdeckung hereditärer Lebererkrankungen (z. B. Hämochromatose). Durch eine rechtzeitig einsetzende wirksame Therapie chronischer Lebererkrankungen (z. B. Immunsuppression, Aderlass, Kupferelimination) lassen sich. z. T. irreversible Spätschäden verhindern, z. B. die Entwicklung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms. Die Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis B und C wird zunehmend effizient und individualisiert, doch führt sie nur bei einem Teil zu einer dauerhaften Virussuppression/-elimination; weitere antivirale Substanzen werden in klinischen Studien untersucht. Bei akuter HCV-Infektion sollte wegen des möglichen Einschlusses in eine klinische Studie Kontakt mit einem hepatologischen Zentrum aufgenommen werden. Bei einer chronischen Hepatitis D sollte die Indikation zur antiviralen Therapie möglichst nur in Kooperation mit einem hepatologischen Zentrum gestellt werden.
Abstract
Risk factors for the development of liver cirrhosis include toxins, chronic hepatitides and metabolic liver diseases. This knowledge has led to prevention strategies: avoiding exposure, vaccination against hepatitis B, and the early determination of hereditary liver diseases (e.g. hemochromatosis). The early use of effective treatment for chronic liver disease (e.g. immunosuppression, bloodletting, elimination of copper) allow, in part, the avoidance of later, irreversible sequelae such as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C is becoming increasingly efficient and individualized. Nevertheless, it leads to complete virus suppression/elimination only in some patients; additional antiviral substances are being examined in clinical studies. In cases of acute HCV infection, contact with a hepatology clinic should be made due to possible involvement in a clinical study. In cases of chronic hepatitis D, the indications for antiviral therapy should only be made in cooperation with such a clinic.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.


Literatur
Folgori et al. (2006) A T cell HCV vaccine eliciting effective immunity against heterologous virus challenge in chimpanzees. Nat Med 12: 190–197
Jaeckel et al. (2001) Treatment of acute hepatitis C with interferon alfa-2b. N Engl J Med 345: 1452–1457
Gerlach et al. (2003) Acute hepatitis C: high rate of both spontaneous and treatment-induced viral clearance. Gastroenterology 125: 80–88
Santantonio et al. (2005) Efficacy of a 24-week course of PEG-interferon alpha-2b monotherapy in patients with acute hepatitis C after failure of spontaneous clearance. J Hepatol 42: 329–333
Wedemeyer et al. (2006) Treatment duration in acute hepatitis C: the issue is not solved yet. Hepatology 44: 1051
Janssen et al. (2005) Pegylated interferon alfa-2b alone or in combination with lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B: a randomised trial. Lancet 365: 123–129
Marcellin et al. (2004) Peginterferon alfa-2a alone, lamivudine alone, and the two in combination in patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med 351: 1206–1217
Colonno RJ (2006) Entecavir resistance is rare in nucleoside naive patients with hepatitis B. Hepatology 44: 1656–1665
Bommel van et al. (2004) Comparison of adefovir and tenofovir in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology 40: 1421–1425
Craxi et al. (2003) Interferon-alpha for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. J Hepatol 39: S99–S105
Lok et al. (2007) Chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 45: 507–539
Keeffe et al. (2006) A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 4: 936–962
Moradpour et al. (2004) [Hepatitis C]. Ther Umsch 61: 493–498
Zeuzem et al. (2006) Efficacy of 24 weeks treatment with peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C infected with genotype 1 and low pretreatment viremia. J Hepatol 44: 97–103
Mangia et al. (2005) Peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin for 12 vs. 24 weeks in HCV genotype 2 or 3. N Engl J Med 352: 2609–2617
Wagner von et al. (2005) Peginterferon-alpha-2a (40KD) and ribavirin for 16 or 24 weeks in patients with genotype 2 or 3 chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology 129: 522–527
Interessenkonflikt
Die korrespondierende Autorin gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Schmieg-Kurz, A., Blum, H. Leberzirrhose: Prävention. Gastroenterologe 2, 261–267 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-007-0096-3
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11377-007-0096-3