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Soil health improvement in a karst area with geogenic Cd enrichment using biochar and clay-based amendments

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Geogenic enrichment of cadmium (Cd) poses a grave threat to food security. Specifically, soils derived from limestone often suffer from elevated Cd levels, as well as other limitations such as low organic matter and limited availability of micronutrients. Our study aims to develop suitable soil amendments using locally available biomass materials and naturally abundant clay minerals, focusing on Cd-enriched karst soils.

Materials and methods

We used biochar- and illite-smectite stratified clay-based soil amendments for the immobilization of Cd in a karst soil, and designed their formulation so that soil health can be improved simultaneously.

Results and discussion

Application of rice straw biochar in combination with zero valent iron and quicklime, as well as the utilization of natural illite-smectite stratified clay alongside cow manure and quicklime, yielded the most effective results in Cd immobilization. These amendments also increased the bioavailability of selenium (Se) due to a slight elevation in soil pH. Additionally, these modifications significantly enhanced the chemical fertility of the soil, leading to elevated levels of total organic carbon (TOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), available phosphorus (P), and available potassium (K). Furthermore, we observed an increase in microbial diversity and richness, with the identification of keystone species that dominate and improve soil health.

Conclusions

The findings of this study present a low-cost and practical solution for simultaneously immobilizing geogenic Cd while also improving chemical fertility and stimulating microbial diversity in regions with a high geological background of this element.

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Data availability

The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Guangxi Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. GUIKE AB22035036), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 42077118).

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  1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jing Guo, Liuwei Wang, Guangyu Qu, Xizi Liu, Yufei Lian & Deyi Hou

  2. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK

    Xizi Liu

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Guo, J., Wang, L., Qu, G. et al. Soil health improvement in a karst area with geogenic Cd enrichment using biochar and clay-based amendments. J Soils Sediments 24, 230–243 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03645-1

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