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Sustainable soil remediation using mineral and hydrogel: field evidence for metalloid immobilization and soil health improvement

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Soil metal(loid) pollution poses a severe threat to human health. Specifically, oxyanions such as arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) have entered soil through historical mining activities. However, traditional methods of immobilizing oxyanions, like goethite, hematite, and zero-valent iron, may harm soil health in the long run by reducing microbial diversity and soil functionality. Therefore, this study aims to develop amendments for As and Sb immobilization while promoting soil health.

Materials and methods

A 6-month field trial was conducted in a mining-affected region in Southwest China. Amendments, including dolomite, iron-modified dolomite, hydrogel, and the joint application of iron-modified dolomite and hydrogel, were applied at a 3wt.% to the surficial 0 ~ 20 cm.

Results and discussion

Joint application of sodium acrylate hydrogel and iron-modified dolomite lime showed a synergy between metalloid immobilization and soil health improvement. Compared to the unamended soil, leachate As and Sb concentrations decreased by 81% and 49%, respectively. Macroaggregates were formed, cation exchange capacity (CEC) was increased, and microbial diversity was improved, providing evidence of soil health improvement. Furthermore, this application method was superior to amending dolomite lime, iron-modified dolomite, or hydrogel alone, highlighting a synergy between these components. Iron-modified dolomite lime was the primary component responsible for metalloid immobilization and elevation of CEC, while hydrogel accounted for long-term effectiveness by healing soil microcracks and providing a favorable habitat for microbial colonization.

Conclusions

The study results provide a practical solution for sustainable soil remediation. By using a combination of hydrogel and iron-modified dolomite lime, we can immobilize As and Sb while promoting soil health. This approach demonstrates a potential solution for addressing heavy metal(loid) pollution in mining-affected regions while maintaining soil functionality and biodiversity.

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Data availability

The data underlying this article will be shared on reasonable request to the corresponding author.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (grant no. 2020YFC1808000) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 42077118).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Huixia Wang, Liuwei Wang, Boxing Yang, Xuanru Li, Zhongtao Hu & Deyi Hou

  2. Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland

    Boxing Yang

  3. School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China

    Renjie Hou

  4. Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Zhongtao Hu

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  1. Huixia Wang
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Wang, H., Wang, L., Yang, B. et al. Sustainable soil remediation using mineral and hydrogel: field evidence for metalloid immobilization and soil health improvement. J Soils Sediments 23, 3060–3070 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03541-8

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