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Associations of soil Fe oxides and organic carbon vary in different aggregate fractions under warming

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Soil warming is predicted to increase the degradation of soil organic carbon. Aggregates of different sizes vary in their ability to retain or transfer iron oxide-bound organic carbon (Fe-bound OC) in soils. However, direct observation of iron oxides and OC distribution in soil aggregates and determination of their interactions in response to climate warming remain challenging.

Methods

To determine the response of soil aggregates to warming, a 180-day incubation experiment was conducted with Ultisol mixed with rice straw at different temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C, and 45 °C). Changes in concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and Fe-bound OC and distributions of OC species and Fe oxides were determined.

Results

Warming significantly increased the content of TOC in silt + clay and micro-aggregates but decreased it in macro-aggregates. Increasing temperatures decreased the contents of Fe-bound OC from 3.22 to 1.46 g kg−1 in silt + clay and from 5.20 to 1.83 g kg−1 in macro-aggregates. However, Fe-bound OC concentration decreased from 2.54 to 0.85 g kg−1 and then increased to 1.99 g kg−1 in micro-aggregates with increasing temperature. Nuclear magnetic resonance results suggested that increasing temperatures increased the proportions of aromatic C and carboxyl C in silt + clay and macro-aggregates but decreased those proportions in micro-aggregates. Synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that warming promoted associations between Fe oxides and OC in silt + clay but decreased associations in macro-aggregates.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that soil warming increased the sensitivity of OC decomposition to a greater extent in micro-aggregates than in silt + clay and macro-aggregate fractions. Thus, although organo-Fe interactions are essential for OC stability, carbon forms associated with Fe oxide phases are not entirely resistant to degradation, especially for associations in different aggregate sizes. Determination of how warming affects Fe-bound OC distributions in size-dependent soil aggregates will improve understanding of the mechanisms that influence SOC stability and sequestration.

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Data availability statement

Data available on reasonable request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42107037), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515011797), the Innovation Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (212114), the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (202102020311), and the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Guangdong Province (The Task of Innovation Team Building of Key Generic Technologies in Agricultural Resources and Environment) (2022KJ118). Sincere thanks are given to the staff at beamline BL01B of the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL, Hefei, China). We thank LetPub (www.letpub.com) for linguistic assistance and presubmission expert review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Qi Li, Linfeng Li, Weifang Hu & Yichun Li

  2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Qi Li, Linfeng Li, Weifang Hu & Yichun Li

  3. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    Qi Li, Linfeng Li, Weifang Hu & Yichun Li

  4. Palm Eco-Town Development Co., Ltd., 450000, Zhengzhou, China

    Guangguang Guo

  5. School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia

    Bhupinder Pal Singh

  6. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, China

    Hailong Wang

  7. Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China

    Hailong Wang

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Li, Q., Guo, G., Singh, B.P. et al. Associations of soil Fe oxides and organic carbon vary in different aggregate fractions under warming. J Soils Sediments 23, 2744–2755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03532-9

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