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Straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application to paddy soil influence hydroxyl radical formation in the soil surface water

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

In paddy field environment, reactive oxygen species could be produced in surface water by light illumination, because large amounts of photoactivated species exist in the surface water, which could be affected by agronomic measure. In this study, hydroxyl radical (•OH) formation affected by straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application in paddy soil was investigated in the soil surface water.

Methods

In this study, laboratory simulation experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of straw returning (wheat straw and rape straw, 1% w/w) and nitrogen fertilizer application (urea, 130 mg/kg) on •OH production in the surface water of paddy field. The amount of •OH was quantified via chemical probes.

Results and discussion

It found that straw returning, regardless of straw type, decreased the formation of •OH, while nitrogen fertilizer application increased •OH formation. Correlation analysis showed that dissolved organic matter (DOM) and NO3− affected •OH production during the early stage of incubation (0–14 days), whereas NO2− produced by denitrification had a great effect on •OH production at the later stage (14–63 days). Although DOM content increased after straw return, NO3− and NO2− decreased sharply, which possibly accounted for the lower •OH formation in the straw-amended paddy soil.

Conclusion

This study provides a theoretical basis for •OH formation in the surface water of paddy fields, which is essential for understanding the transformation of pollutants in such environments.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42130707 and 22176091).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China

    Shaochong Liu, Fengxiao Zhu, Changyin Zhu & Dongmei Zhou

  2. School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Shaochong Liu

  3. School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People’s Republic of China

    Fengxiao Zhu

Authors
  1. Shaochong Liu
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  2. Fengxiao Zhu
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  4. Dongmei Zhou
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Shaochong Liu: conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft. Fengxiao Zhu: investigation, writing—review and editing. Changyin Zhu: writing—review and editing. Dongmei Zhou: methodology, resources, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Fengxiao Zhu or Dongmei Zhou.

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11368_2023_3525_MOESM1_ESM.doc

Supporting Information Additional information, including Fig. S1 and Text S1 and S2 can be found in the Supporting Information (DOC 98 KB)

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Liu, S., Zhu, F., Zhu, C. et al. Straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application to paddy soil influence hydroxyl radical formation in the soil surface water. J Soils Sediments 23, 3029–3042 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03525-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03525-8

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