Abstract
Purpose
Studies of the profile distribution of heavy metals in soils with different reclamation years may provide insights into the environmental risks caused by wetland reclamation. This study aimed to determine the effects and mechanisms of long-term wetland reclamation on the profile distribution of heavy metals.
Materials and methods
A space-for-time substitution approach was applied to clarify the impact of wetland reclamation on soil heavy metals. Five regions in Sanjiang Plain including a wetland and four farmlands have been cultivated for paddy 8, 15, 21, and 28 years, respectively, were selected. Soil samples were collected at 20 cm intervals in soil profiles of 100 cm with the concentrations of heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) and soil physicochemical properties and Fe-reducing bacteria (FeRB) community measured.
Results and discussion
The contents of all heavy metals investigated in this study were lower than the local background values of soil and both the Single-factor pollution index (SPI) and the pollution loading index (PLI) value were less than 1 in wetland soil. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides might promote the accumulation of soil heavy metals, which could be directly reflected by the higher PLI value in farmland soil. Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), total phosphorus (TP), FeRB quantity, pH, and free Fe oxide (Fed) might be the important factors influencing the dynamics of soil heavy metals during wetland reclamation.
Conclusions
Long-term wetland reclamation generally promoted the accumulation of heavy metals in the upper soil layers. Although the single heavy metal does not exceed the soil environmental quality standard, the PLI value exceeded 1 in soils of all paddy fields and increased gradually with the increasing of reclamation years, which suggested the increasing pollution risk.
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Data Availability
Data available on request from the authors.
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The authors acknowledge the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271706, 41877098).
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Chi, G., Qin, F., Zhu, B. et al. Long-term wetland reclamation affects the accumulation and profile distribution of heavy metals in soils. J Soils Sediments 23, 1706–1717 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03422-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03422-6