Abstract
Purpose
The compounds 1-octyne and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) are frequently used as nitrification inhibitors for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), respectively, but their influence on comammox Nitrospira remains unclear. In this study, we examine how will 1-octyne and PTIO influence AOA, AOB, and comammox Nitrospira in an acidic Ultisol. The results will provide guidance for the nitrification inhibitor selections in the relevant research and field management practices.
Materials and methods
We carried out a microcosm experiment using acetylene, 1-octyne, and PTIO as nitrification inhibitors to investigate their effects on ammonia oxidizers, especially comammox Nitrospira. The abundance of ammonia oxidizers was determined by real-time quantitative PCR while the community structure of comammox Nitrospira was examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing.
Results and discussion
Acetylene, 1-octyne, and PTIO significantly reduced the net nitrification rate, with a more pronounced effect observed for acetylene and 1-octyne amendments. The addition of 1-octyne suppressed the growth of comammox Nitrospira clade A, indicating that 1-octyne was not an exclusive inhibitor for AOB in the acidic Ultisols. Moreover, PTIO reduced the abundance of AOB and comammox Nitrospira clade A, rather than that of AOA, suggesting that AOB and comammox Nitrospira were more sensitive than AOA to the PTIO inhibition in the tested soils. Acetylene, 1-octyne, and PTIO did not show observed changes to comammox Nitrospira community structure.
Conclusions
We provide novel evidence that 1-octyne and PTIO can significantly inhibit the growth of comammox Nitrospira, but have no significant effects on their community structure in the acidic Ultisols. Our findings have implications for proper selection of nitrification inhibitors 1-octyne and PTIO in both laboratory experiments and field practices.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Yingtan National Agro-ecosystem Field Experiment Station for providing soil samples.
Funding
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42077041, 41930756).
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Lin, Y., Duan, C., Fan, J. et al. Nitrification inhibitor 1-octyne inhibits growth of comammox Nitrospira but does not alter their community structure in an acidic soil. J Soils Sediments 23, 989–997 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03367-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03367-w