Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Silica modified biochar mitigates the adverse effects of salt and drought stress and improves safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) growth

  • Soils, Sec 2 • Global Change, Environ Risk Assess, Sustainable Land Use • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Water scarcity and soil salinity are among the major factors responsible for lower plant growth and production. Many studies have reported beneficial effects of biochar application in mitigating salt and drought stress in soil. This study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of poultry manure-derived biochar (BC) and silica modified BC (SBC) to mitigate the waning effects of soil salinity and water scarcity on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) plant growth.

Materials and methods

A pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse with soil collected from local agricultural farm. Amendments were added to soil at three rates: 0%, 1%, and 3% (w/w), and three levels of salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM) were applied, while in a separate pot experiment, plants were irrigated at 2-level water contents, i.e., 50% and 100% of field capacity (FC). 

Results and discussion

Plants grown in soil with BC and SBC showed comparatively higher growth against control treatment with no added amendments. Soil receiving SBC displayed an increase in pH value by 0.07–0.47, lower electrical conductivity value (0.86–1.17 dS m−1), and higher uptake of P (878.57 to 1753.58 µg plant−1). Furthermore, higher K+ and lower Na+ availability and plant uptake were found in SBC-amended soil compared with control. Overall, 3% SBC application performed outclass in improving plant growth under 50% FC.

Conclusion

In nutshell, BC and SBC displayed substantial potential in reducing soil salinity and drought stress and improved nutrient availability and plant uptake.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbas T, Rizwan M, Ali S, Rehman MZ, Qayyum MF, Abbas F, Hannan F, Rinklebe J, Ok YS (2017) Effect of biochar on cadmium bioavailability and uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 140:37–47

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abbas T, Rizwan M, Ali S, Adrees M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Murtaza G (2018) Effect of biochar on alleviation of cadmium toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown on Cd-contaminated saline soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res 25:25668–25680

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Haliem ME, Hegazy HS, Hassan NS, Naguib DM (2017) Effect of silica ions and nano silica on rice plants under salinity stress. Ecol Eng 99:282–289

    Google Scholar 

  • Addiscott TM, Thomas D (2000) Tillage, mineralization and leaching: phosphate. Soil Tillage Res 53:255–273

    Google Scholar 

  • Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F, Farid M, Qayyum MF, Irshad MK (2015) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 119:186–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Afshar RK, Hashemi M, DaCosta M, Spargo J, Sadeghpour A (2016) Biochar application and drought stress effects on physiological characteristics of Silybum marianum. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 47:743–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad M, Ahmad M, Usman AR, Al-Faraj AS, Abduljabbar A, Ok YS, Al-Wabel MI (2019a) Date palm waste-derived biochar composites with silica and zeolite: synthesis, characterization and implication for carbon stability and recalcitrant potential. Environ Geochem Health 4:1687–1704

    Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad M, Usman AR, Al-Faraj AS, Ahmad M, Sallam A, Al-Wabel MI (2018) Phosphorus-loaded biochar changes soil heavy metals availability and uptake potential of maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Chemosphere 194:327–339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad M, Usman AR, Rafique MI, Al-Wabel MI (2019b) Engineered biochar composites with zeolite, silica, and nano-zerovalent iron for the efficient scavenging of chlortetracycline from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:15136–15152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar SS, Andersen MN, Liu F (2015a) Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress. Agric Water Manag 158:61–68

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar SS, Andersen MN, Liu F (2015b) Biochar mitigates salinity stress in potato. J Agron Crop Sci 201:368–378

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akhtar SS, Li G, Andersen MN, Liu F (2014) Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agric Water Manag 138:37–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Akram M, Hussain M, Akhtar S, Rasul E (2002) Impact of NaCl salinity on yield components of some wheat accessions/varieties. Int J Agric Biol 1:156–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Alcívar M, Zurita-Silva A, Sandoval M, Muñoz C, Schoebitz M (2018) Reclamation of saline–sodic soils with combined amendments: impact on quinoa performance and biological soil quality. Sustainability 10(9):30–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Alessandro O, Nyman P (2017) Aridity indices predict organic matter decomposition and comminution processes at landscape scale. Ecol Indic 78:531–540

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali S, Rizwan M, Qayyum MF, Ok YS, Ibrahim M, Riaz M, Arif MS, Hafeez F, Al Wabel MI, Shahzad AN (2017) Biochar soil amendment on alleviation of drough and salt stress in plants: a critical review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 3:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Allison LE, Moodie CD (1965) Carbonate. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2: Chemical and microbio-logical properties. Am Soc Agro Madison 1379–1396

  • Al-Wabel MI, Al-Omran A, El-Naggar AH, Nadeem M, Usman ARA (2013) Pyrolysis temperature induced changes in characteristics and chemical composition of biochar produced from conocarpus wastes. Bioresource Technol 131:374–379

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al-Wabel MI, Usman ARA, Al-Farraj AS, Ok YS, Abduljabbar A, Al-Faraj AI, Sallam AS (2019) Date palm waste biochars alter a soil respiration, microbial biomass carbon, and heavy metal mobility in contaminated mined soil. Environ Geochem Health 41:1705–1722

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ameloot N, De Neve S, Jegajeevagan K, Yildiz G, Buchan D, Funkuin YN, Prins W, Bouckaert L, Sleutel S (2013) Shortterm CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial properties of biochar amended sandy loam soils. Soil Biol Biochem 57:401–410

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (1989) Standard methods for chemical analysis of wood charcoal, ASTM D1762- 84. Philadelphia, PA, USA

  • Amini S, Ghadiri H, Chen C, Marschner P (2016) Salt-affected soils, reclamation, carbon dynamics, and biochar: a review. J Soil Sediment 16:939–953

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anjum SA, Ashraf U, Tanveer M, Khan I, Hussain S, Zohaib A, Abbas F, Saleem MF, Wang L (2017) Drought tolerance in three maize cultivars is related to differential osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant defense system, and oxidative damage. Front Plant Sci 8:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Baronti S, Vaccari FP, Miglietta F, Calzolari C, Lugato E, Orlandini S, Pini R, Zulian C, Genesio L (2014) Impact of biochar application on plant water relations in Vitis vinifera (L). Euro J Agron 53:38–44

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Basso AS, Miguez FE, Laird DA, Horton R, Westgate M (2013) Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water-holding capacity of sandy soils. Gcb Bioenergy 5:132–143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batool A, Taj S, Rashid A, Khalid A, Qadeer S, Saleem AR, Ghufran MA (2015) Potential of soil amendments (biochar and gypsum) in increasing water use efficiency of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench Front Plant Sci 6:1–13

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattarai B, Singh S, West CP, Ritchie GL, Trostle CL (2020) Water depletion pattern and water use efficiency of forage sorghum, pearl millet, and corn under water limiting condition. Agric Water Manag 238:106206

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan KY, Van Zwieten L, Meszaros I, Downie A, Joseph S (2007) Agronomic values of green waste biochar as a soil amendment. Aust J Soil Res 45:629–634

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen D, Cao B, Wang S, Liu P, Deng X, Yin L, Zhang S (2016) Silicon moderated the K deficiency by improving the plant-water status in sorghum. Sci Rep 6:22882

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Yao X, Cai K, Chen J (2011) Silicon alleviates drought stress of rice plants by improving plant water status, photosynthesis and mineral nutrient absorption. Biol Trace Elem Res 142:67–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colmer TD, Munns R, Flowers TJ (2005) Improving salt tolerance of wheat and barley: future prospects. Aus J Exp Agric 45:1425–1443

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer MD, Hawkins HJ, Verboom GA (2009) The importance of nutritional regulation of plant water flux. Oecologia 161:15–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Dann EK, Le DP (2017) Effects of silicon amendment on soil borne and fruit diseases of avocado. Plants 6:51

    Google Scholar 

  • Debona D, Rodrigues FA, Datno LE (2017) Silicon’s role in abiotic and biotic plant stresses. Annu Rev Phytopathol 55:85–107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Drake JA, Cavagnaro TR, Cunningham SC, Jackson WR, Patti A (2016) Does biochar improve establishment of tree seedlings in saline sodic soils? Land. Degrad Develop 2:52–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Earl HJ, Davis RF (2003) Effect of drought stress on leaf and whole canopy radiation use efficiency and yield of maize. Agron J 95:688–696

    Google Scholar 

  • Emam MM, Khattab HE, Helal NM, Deraz AE (2014) Effect of selenium and silicon on yield quality of rice plant grown under drought stress. Aust J Crop Sci 8:596

    Google Scholar 

  • Esendal A, Istanbulluoglu B, Arslan B, Paşa C (2007) Effect of water stress on growth components of winter safflower (Carthamus tinctorins). Paper presented at the 7th International Safflower Conference, Wagga

  • FAO (2003) Unlocking the water potential of agriculture. Food and Agriculture Organization United Nation

  • Farhangi-Abriz S, Torabian S (2017) Antioxidant enzyme and osmotic adjustment changes in bean seedlings as affected by biochar under salt stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 137:64–70

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farhangi-Abriz S, Ghassemi-Golezani K (2021) Changes in soil properties and salt tolerance of safflower in response to biochar-based metal oxide nanocomposites of magnesium and manganese. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 211:111904

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farhangi-Abriz S, Tavasolee A, Ghassemi-Golezani K, Torabian S, Monirifar H, Rahmani HA (2020) Growth-promoting bacteria and natural regulators mitigate salt toxicity and improve rapeseed plant performance. Protoplasma 257:1035–1047

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SMA (2009) Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron Sustain Dev 29:185–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Farshidi M, Abdolzadeh A, Sadeghipour HR (2012) Silicon nutrition alleviatesphysiological disorders imposed by salinity in hydroponically grown canola (Brassica napus L.) plants. Acta Physiol Plant 34:1779–1788

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng J, Cheng R, Qul AA, Yan QG, Li YG, Jian BL, Dong H, Xian QZ, Xu L, Xi WS (2018) Effects of biochar on sodium ion accumulation, yield and quality of rice in saline-sodic soil of the west of Songnen Plain, northeast China. Plant Soil Environ 64:612–618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiaz K, Danish S, Younis U, Malik SA, Raza Shah MH, Niaz S (2014) Drought impact on Pb/Cd toxicity remediated by biochar in Brassica campestris. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 14:845–854

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraj MB, Al-Dakheel AJ, McCann IR, Shabbir GM, Rumman GA, Al Gailani A (2013) Selection of high yielding and stable safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L) genotypes under salinity stress. Agr Sci Res J 3:273–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge TD, Sun NB, Bai LP, Tong CL, Sui FG (2012) Effects of drought stress on phosphorus and potassium uptake dynamics in summer maize (Zea mays) throughout the growth cycle. Acta Physiol Plant 34:2179–2186

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghassemi-Golezani K, Farhangi-Abriz S (2019) Biochar alleviates fluoride toxicity and oxidative stress in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. Chemosphere 223:406–415

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser B, Lehmann J, Zech W (2002) Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biol Fertil Soils 35:219–230

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glaser B, Lehr VI (2019) Biochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 9

  • Gregorich EG, Janzen H, Ellert BH, Helgason BL, Qian B, Zebarth BJ, Angers DA, Beyaert RP, Drury CF, Duguid SD, May WE (2017) Litter decay controlled by temperature, not soil properties, affecting future soil carbon. Glob Chang Biol 23:1725–1734

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimshaw HM (1987) The determination of total phosphorus in soils by acid digestion. 92–95

  • Gunes A, Kadioglu YK, Pilbeam DJ, Inal A, Coban S, Aksu A (2008) Influence of silicon on sunflower cultivars under drought stress, II: essential and nonessential element uptake determined by polarized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 39:1904–1927

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guo X, Ji Q, Rizwan M, Li H, Li D, Chen G (2020) Effects of biochar and foliar application of selenium on the uptake and subcellular distribution of chromium in Ipomoea aquatica in chromium-polluted soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 206:111184

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guzman C, Autrique JE, Mondal S, Singh RP, Govindan V, Morales-Dorantes A, Posadas-Romano G, Crossa J, Ammar K, Peña RJ (2016) Response to drought and heat stress on wheat quality, with special emphasis on bread-making quality, in durum wheat. Field Crops Res 186:157–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Haider G, Koyro HW, Azam F, Steffens D, Müller C, Kammann C (2015) Biochar but not humic acid productamendment affectedmaize yields via improving plant-soil moisture relations. Plant Soil 395:141–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer EC, Forstreuter M, Rillig MC, Kohler J (2015) Biochar increases arbuscular mycorrhizal plant growth enhancement and ameliorates salinity stress. Appl Soil 96:114–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansen V, Hauggaard-Nielsen H, Petersen CT, Mikkelsen TN, Müller-Stöver D (2016) Effects of gasification biochar on plant-available water capacity and plant growth in two contrasting soil types. Soil Tillage Res 161:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrathi J, Hosni K, Karray-Bouraoui N, Attia H, Marzouk B, Magné C, Lachaâl M (2012) Effect of salt stress on growth, fatty acids and essential oils in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Acta Physiol Plant 34:129–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasanuzzaman M, Nahar K, Anee TI, Khan MIR, Fujita M (2018) Silicon-mediated regulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems confers drought stress tolerance in Brassica napus L. S Afr J Bot 115:50–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hashem A, Kumar A, Al-Dbass AM, Alqarawi AA, Al-Arjani ABF, Singh G, Farooq M, Abd-Allah EF (2019) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and biochar improves drought tolerance in chickpea. Saudi J Biol Sci 26:614–624

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hattori T, Sonobe K, Araki H, Inanaga S, An P, Morita S (2008) Silicon application by sorghum through the alleviation of stress-induced increase in hydraulic resistance. J Plant Nutr 31:1482–1495

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hojati M, Modarres-Sanavy S, Karimi M, Ghanati F (2011) Responses of growth and antioxidant systems in Carthamus tinctorius L. under water deficit stress. Acta Physiol Plant 33:105–112

    Google Scholar 

  • Hu Y, Schmidhalter U (1998) Spatial distributions and net deposition rates of mineral elements in the elongating wheat (Triticum aestivu L) leaf under saline soil conditions. Planta 204:212–219

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain MI, Lyra DA, Farooq M, Nikoloudakis N, Khalid N (2016) Salt and drought stresses in safflower: a review. Agron Sustain Dev 36:1–31

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Inyang M, Gao B, Pullammanappallil P, Ding W, Zimmerman AR (2010) Biochar from anaerobically digested sugarcane bagasse. Bioresour Technol 101:8868–8872

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Javed S, Bukhari SA, Ashraf MY, Mahmood S, Iftikhar T (2014) Effect of salinity on growth, biochemical parameters and fatty acid composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Pak J Bot 46:1153–1158

    Google Scholar 

  • Kameyama K, Miyamoto T, Shiono T, Shinogi Y (2011) Influence of sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar application on nitrate leaching in calcaric dark red soil. J Environ Qual 41:1131–11377

    Google Scholar 

  • Kammann CI, Linsel S, Gößling JW, Koyro HW (2011) Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa Willd and on soil–plant relations. Plant Soil 345:195–210

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Karimi N, Soheilikhah Z, Ghasmpour HR, Zebarjadi A (2011) Effect of salinity stress on germination and early seedling growth of different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. J Ecobiotechnol

  • Kaya MD, Ipek A, ÖZTÜRK A, (2003) Effects of different soil salinity levels on germination and seedling growth of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L). Turk J Agric for 27:221–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshavarz Afshara R, Hashemic BM, DaCostac M, Spargod J, Sadeghpoure A (2016) Biochar application and drought stress effects on physiological characteristics of Silybum marianum. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 47:743–752

    Google Scholar 

  • Khan MIR, Asgher M, Fatma M, Per TS, Khan NA (2015) Drought stress vis a vis plant functions in the era of climate change. Clim Chang Environ Sustain 3:13–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Khattab HI, Emam MA, Emam MM, Helal NM, Mohamed MR (2014) Effect of selenium and silicon on transcription factors NAC5 and DREB2A involved in drought-responsive gene expression in rice. Biol Plant 58:265–273

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim HS, Kim KR, Yang JE, Ok YS, Owens G, Nehls T, Wessolek G, Kim KH (2016) Effect of biochar on reclaimed tidal land soil properties and maize (Zea mays L.) response. Chemosphere 142:153–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim YH, Khan AL, Waqas M, Shim JK, Kim DH, Lee KY, Lee IJ (2014) Silicon application to rice root zone influenced the phytohormonal and antioxidant responses under salinity stress. J Plant Growth Regul 33:137–149

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koehler FE, Moudre CD, McNeal BL (1984) Laboratory Manual for Soil Fertility. Washington State University, Pullman

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolton M, Graber ER, Tsehansky L, Elad Y, Cytryn E (2016) Biochar-stimulated plan performance is strongly linked to microbial diversity and metabolic potential in the rhizosphere. New Phytol 213:1393–1404

    Google Scholar 

  • Koutroubas SD, Papakosta DK, Doitsinis A (2004) Cultivar and seasonal effects on the contribution of pre-anthesis assimilates to safflower yield. Field Crop Res 90:263–274

    Google Scholar 

  • Labudová L, Labuda M, Takáč J (2017) Comparison of SPI and SPEI applicability for drought impact assessment on crop production in the Danubian Lowland and the East Slovakian Lowland. Theor App Climatol 128:491–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird P, Fleming B, Wang R, Horton R, Karlen D (2010) Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwestern agricultural soil. Geoderma 158:436–442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langeroodi ARS, Campiglia E, Mancinelli R, Radicetti E (2019) Can biochar improve pumpkin productivity and its physiological characteristics under reduced irrigation regimes? Sci Hortic 247:195–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Laraus J (2004) The problems of sustainable water use in the Mediterranean and research requirements for agriculture. Ann Appl Biol 144:259–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Lashari MS, Liu Y, Li L, Pan W, Fu J, Pan G, Zheng J, Zheng J, Zhang X, Yu X (2013) Effects of amendment of biochar-manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution on soil quality and wheat yield of a salt-stressed cropland from Central China Great Plain. Field Crops Res 144:113–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Lashari MS, Ye Y, Ji H, Li L, Kibue GW, Lu H, Zheng J, Pan G (2015) Biochar–manure compost in conjunction with pyroligneous solution alleviated salt stress and improved leaf bioactivity of maize in a saline soil from central China: a 2-year field experiment. J Sci Food Agric 95:1321–1327

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YB, Hoon C, Hwang JY, Lee IB, Kim PJ (2004) Enhancement of phosphate desorption by silicate in soils with salt accumulation. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 50:493–499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee YB, Kim PJ (2006) Effects of silicate fertilizer on increasing phosphorus availability in salt accumulated soil during Chinese cabbage cultivation. Korean J Soil Sci Fert 39:8–14

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann J, Rillig MC, Thies J, Masiello CA, Hockaday WC, Crowley D (2011) Biochar effects on soil biota—a review. Soil Biol Biochem 43:1812–1836

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin XW, Xie ZB, Zheng JY, Liu Q, Bei QC, Zhu JG (2015) Effects of biochar application on greenhouse gas emissions, carbon sequestration and crop growth in coastal saline soil Eur J Soil Sci 66:329–338

  • Liu S, Meng J, Jiang L, Yang X, Lan Y, Cheng X, Chen W (2017) Rice husk biochar impacts soil phosphorous availability, phosphatase activities and bacterial community characteristics in three different soil types. Appl Soil Ecol 116:12–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyu S, Du G, Liu Z, Zhao L, Lyu D (2016) Effects of biochar on photosystem function and activities of protective enzymes in Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. under drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant 38:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma JF, Miyake Y, Takahashi E (2001) Silicon as a beneficial element for crop plants. Plant Sci J 8:17–39

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manchanda G, Garg N (2008) Salinity and its effects on the functional biology of legumes. Acta Physiol Plant 30:595–618

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martinsen V, Mulder J, Shitumbanuma V, Sparrevik M, Børresen T, Cornelissen G (2014) Farmer-led maize biochar trials: effect on crop yield and soil nutrients under conservation farming. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci 177:681–695

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melas GB, Ortiz O, Alacañiz JM (2017) Can biochar protect labile organic matter against mineralization in soil? Pedosphere 27:822–831

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moradi S, Rasouli-Sadaghiani MH, Sepehr E, Khodaverdiloo H, Barin M (2019) Soil nutrients status affected by simple and enriched biochar application under salinity conditions. Environ Monit Assess 191:257

    Google Scholar 

  • Munns R (2002) Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant Cell Environ 25:239–250

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen B, Lehmann J (2009) Black carbon decomposition under varying water regimes. Org Geochm 40:846–853

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nolla A, de Faria RJ, Korndoerfer GH, Benetoli da Silva TR (2012) Effect of silicon on drought tolerance of upland rice. J Food Agric Environ 10:269–272

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novak JM, Busscher WJ, Laird DL, Ahmedna M, Watts DW, Niandou MAS (2009) Impact of biochar amendment on fertility of a southeastern coastal plain soil. Soil Sci 174:105–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olmo M, Alburquerque JA, Barrón V, del Campillo MC, Gallardo A, Fuentes M, Villar R (2014) Wheat growth and yield responses to biochar addition under Mediterranean climate conditions. Biol Fert Soil 50:1177–1187

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandit NR, Mulder J, Hale SE, Martinsen V, Schmidt HP, Cornelissen G (2018) Biochar improves maize growth by alleviation of nutrient stress in a moderately acidic low-input Nepalese soil. Sci Total Environ 625:1380–1389

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paneque M, José M, Franco-Navarro JD, Colmenero-Flores JM, Knicker H (2016) Effect of biochar amendment onmorphology, productivity and water relations of sunflower plants under non-irrigation conditions. CATENA 147:280–287

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkash V, Singh S (2020) Potential of biochar application to mitigate salinity stress in egg plant. Hort Sci 55:1946–1955

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pascual MB, Echevarria V, Gonzalo MJ, Hernández-Apaolaza L (2016) Silicon addition to soybean (Glycine max L.) plants alleviate zinc deficiency. Plant Physiol Biochem 108:132–138

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pavlovic J, Samardzic J, Maksimović V, Timotijevic G, Stevic N, Laursen KH, Hansen TH, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Liang Y (2013) Silicon alleviates iron deficiency in cucumber by promoting mobilization of iron in the root apoplast. New Phytol 198:1096–1107

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto AP, Mota AM, de Varennes A, Pinto FC (2004) Influence of organic matter on the uptake of cadmium, zinc, copper and iron by sorghum plants. Sci Total Environ 326:239–247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qadir M, Qureshi RH, Ahmad N (1997) Nutrient availability in a calcareous saline-sodi soil during vegetative bioremediation. Arid Land Res Manag 11:343–352

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Quirk JP (2011) The significance of the threshold and turbidity concentrations in relation to sodicity and microstructure. Soil Res 39:1185–1217

    Google Scholar 

  • Rafique MI, Usman AR, Ahmad M, Sallam A, Al-Wabel MI (2020) In situ immobilization of Cr and its availability to maize plants in tannery waste–contaminated soil: effects of biochar feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. J Soils Sediments 20:330–339

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randolph P, Bansode RR, Hassan OA, Rehrah D, Ravella R, Reddy MR, Watts DW, Novak JM, Ahmedna M (2017) Effect of biochars produced from solid organic municipal waste on soil quality parameters. J Environ Manag 192:271–280

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rizwan M, Ali S, Ibrahim M, Farid M, Adrees M, Bharwana SA, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Qayyum MF, Abbas F (2015) Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a review. Environ Sci Poll Res 22:15416–15431

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rozema J, Flowers T (2008) Crops for a salinized world. Science 322:1478–1480

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2004) Increasing drought decreases phosphorus availability in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Plant Soil 267:367–377

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sardans J, Peñuelas J (2007) Drought changes phosphorus and potassium accumulation patterns in an evergreen Mediterranean forest. Funct Ecol 21:191–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattar A, Sher A, Ijaz M, Ul-Allah S, Butt M, Irfan M, Rizwan MS, Ali H, Cheema MA (2020) Interactive effect of biochar and silicon on improving morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of maize by reducing drought hazards. J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 20:1819–1826

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seleiman MF, Refay Y, Al-Suhaibani N, Al-Ashkar I, El-Hendawy S, Hafez EM (2019) Integrative effects of rice-straw biochar and silicon on oil and seed quality, yield and physiological traits of Helianthus annuus L. grown under water deficit stress. Agronomy 9:637

  • Shackley S, Sohi S, Brownsort P, Carter S, Cook J, Cunningham C, Gaunt J, Hammond J, Ibarrola R, Mašek O, Sims K (2010) An assessment of the benefits and issues associated with the application of biochar to soil. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government, London

  • Shariatmadari H, Mermut AR (1999) Magnesium and silicon induce phosphate desorption in smectite-, palygorskite-, and sepiolite-calcite systems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63:1167–1173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siddiqi EH, Ashraf M, Al-Qurainy F, Akram NA (2011) Salt-induced modulation in inorganic nutrients, antioxidant enzymes, proline contentand seed oil composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). J Sci Food Agric 91:2785–2793

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigua GC, Novak JM, Watts DW, Johnson MG, Spokas K (2016) Efficacies of designer biochars in improving biomass and nutrient uptake of winter wheat grown in a hard setting subsoil layer. Chemosphere 142:176–183

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Soltanpour PN, Schwab AP (1977) A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro-and micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 8:195–207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sonobe K, Hattori T, An P, Tsuji W, Eneji AE, Kobayashi S, Kawamura Y, Tanaka K, Inanaga S (2010) Effect of silicon application on sorghum root responses to water stress. J Plant Nutr 34:71–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Steael RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey DA (1997) Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, 3rd edn. McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc, New York, pp 400–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Sun H, Lu H, Chu L, Shao H, Shi W (2017) Biochar applied with appropriate rates ca reduce N leaching, keep N retention and not increase NH3 volatilization in a coastal saline soil. Sci Total Environ 575:820–825

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Gao B, Yao Y, Fang J, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Chen H, Yang L (2014) Effects of feedstock type, production method, and pyrolysis temperature on biochar and hydrochar properties. Chem Eng J 240:574–578

  • Taghavimehr J (2015) Effect of biochar on soil microbial communities’ nutrient availability, and greenhouse gases in short rotation coppice systems of Central Alberta (doctoral dissertation). University of Alberta, Alberta

    Google Scholar 

  • Takeda S, Matsuoka M (2008) Genetic approaches to crop improvement: responding to environmental and population changes. Nat Rev Genet 9:444–457

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tardieu F, Parent B, Caldeira CF, Welcker C (2014) Genetic and physiological controls of growth under water deficit. Plant Physiol 164:1628–1635

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tayyab M, Islam W, Zhang H (2018) Promising role of silicon to enhance drought resistance in wheat. Commun Soil Sci Plant Anal 49:2932–2941

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thomas SC, Frye S, Gale N, Garmon M, Launchbury R, Machado N, Melamed S, Murray J, Petroff A, Winsborough C (2013) Biochar mitigates negative effects of salt additions on two herbaceous plant species. J Environ Manage 129:62–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usman AR, Abduljabbar A, Vithanage M, Ok YS, Ahmad M, Ahmad M, Elfaki J, Abdulazeem SS, Al-Wabel MI (2015) Biochar production from date palm waste: charring temperature induced changes in composition and surface chemistry. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 115:392–400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Usman AR, Al-Wabel MI, Abdulaziz AH, Mahmoud WA, EL-Naggar AH, Ahmad M, Abdulelah AF, Abdulrasoul AO (2016) Conocarpus biochar induces changes in soil nutrient availability and tomato growth under saline irrigation. Pedosphere 26:27–38

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Verheijen F, Jeffery S, Bastos AC, Van der Velde M, Diafas I (2010) Biochar application to soils. A critical scientific review of effects on soil properties, processes, and functions. EUR 24099:162

  • Walkley A, Black IA (1934) An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37:29–37

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang D, Jiang P, Zhang H, Yuan W (2020) Biochar production and applications in agro and forestry systems: a review. Sci Total Environ 723:137775

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang M, Gao L, Dong S, Sun Y, Shen Q, Guo S (2017) Role of silicon on plant-pathogen interactions. Front Plant Sci 8

  • Wang XS, Han JG (2007) Effects of NaCl and silicon on ion distribution in the roots, shoots and leaves of two alfalfa cultivars with different salt tolerance. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:278–285

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Xiao X, Xu Y, Chen B (2019) Environmental effects of silicon within biochar (sichar) and carbon–silicon coupling mechanisms: a critical review. Environ Sci Technol 53:13570–13582

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wicke B, Smeets E, Dornburg V, Vashev B, Gaiser T, Turkenburg W, Faaij A (2011) The global technical and economic potential of bioenergy from salt-affected soils. Energy Environ Sci 4:2669–2681

    Google Scholar 

  • Wijitkosum S (2020) Applying rice husk biochar to revitalise saline sodic soil in Khorat Plateau area–a case study for food security purposes. In Biochar Applications in Agriculture and Environment Management. Springer Cham 1–31

  • Woldetsadik D, Drechsel P, Keraita B, Marschner B, Itanna F, Gebrekidan H (2016) Effects of biochar and alkaline amendments on cadmium immobilization, selected nutrient and cadmium concentrations of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in two contrasting soils. Springerplus 5:1–16

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Xu G, Shao HB (2014) Furfural and its biochar improve the general properties of a saline soil. Solid Earth 5:665–671

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao X, Chen B, Zhu L (2014) Transformation, morphology, and dissolution of silicon and carbon in rice straw-derived biochars under different pyrolytic temperatures. Environ Sci Technol 48:3411–3419

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yin L, Wang S, Tanaka K, Fujihara S, Itai A, Den X, Zhang S (2016) Silicon-mediated changes in polyamines participate in silicon-induced salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L. Plant Cell Environ 39:245–258

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yue Y, Guo WN, Lin QM, Li GT, Zhao XR (2016) Improving salt leaching in a simulate saline soil column by three biochars derived from rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) sunflower straw (Helianthus annuus L), and cow manure. J Soil Water Conserv 71:467–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Zama EF, Reid BJ, Sun GX, Yuan HY, Li XM, Zhu YG (2018) Silicon (Si) biochar for the mitigation of arsenic (As) bioaccumulation in spinach (Spinacia oleracean) and improvement in the plant growth. J Cleaner Prod 189:386–395

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zheng H, Wang X, Chen L, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Wang H, Luo X, Xing B (2017) Enhanced growth of halophyte plants in biochar-amended coastal soil: roles of nutrient availability and rhizosphere microbial modulation. Plant Cell Environ 41:517–532

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu Y, Gong H (2014) Beneficial effects of silicon on salt and drought tolerance in plants. Agron Sustain Dev 34:455–472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zwetsloot MJ, Lehmann J, Bauerle T, Vanek S, Hestrin R, Nigussie A (2016) Phosphorus availability from bone char in a P-fixing soil influenced by root-mycorrhizae-biochar interactions. Plant Soil 408:95–105

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, for funding this work through the international research group project RG-1439-043.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Munir Ahmad, Muhammad I. Rafique, Mutair A. Akanji, Mohammad I. Al-Wabel, Hamed A. Al-Swadi & Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj

  2. Department of Soil, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen

    Hamed A. Al-Swadi

Authors
  1. Munir Ahmad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad I. Rafique
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mutair A. Akanji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad I. Al-Wabel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hamed A. Al-Swadi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Munir Ahmed, investigation, conceptualization, methodology, writing, data interpretation, and original draft; Muhammad Imran Rafique, methodology, writing, data interpretation, and original draft; Mutair Alani Akanji, data interpretation and review and editing; Mohammad I. Al-Wabel, project administration, funding acquisition, resources, review and editing, and supervision; Hamed Ahmed Yahya Al-Swadi, data interpretation, and review; Abdullah S. F. Al-Farraj, supervision, data interpretation, and review and editing.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Munir Ahmad or Mohammad I. Al-Wabel.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Hailong Wang

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ahmad, M., Rafique, M.I., Akanji, M.A. et al. Silica modified biochar mitigates the adverse effects of salt and drought stress and improves safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) growth. J Soils Sediments 23, 172–192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03323-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03323-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation