Abstract
Purpose
The combined pollution of soil heavy metals has always been a difficult problem for remediation. The combined pollution in soil also has great potential risks to crop safety and groundwater safety, and more research needs to be carried out on the remediation of soil heavy metal combined pollution. In addition, there is a large gap in the application of biological manganese oxide in soil.
Materials and methods
In this study, the treatment effects of As, Pb, and Cd in water and soil systems were studied by combining biochar with manganese-oxidizing bacteria repair agent. The orthogonal experiment was used to study the effect of different proportions of addition on the remediation effect of three heavy metals, and the contribution of each component added in the remediation was discussed by the control experiment. The effects of soil physicochemical properties including pH, EC, and DOM (dissolved organic matter) on the transformation and migration of heavy metals were also analyzed in detail.
Results and discussion
The combined remediation showed a high removal rate of Pb (97.71%) in water and increased the removal rate of Cd alone to 96.5%. Compared with the microbial remediation, the removal rate of As decreased (25.5%), which may be related to the adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ by biochar. The combined application of biochar and manganese-oxidizing bacteria in soil could significantly improve the passivation of Pb, reduce the passivation rate of As, and increase the concentration of exchangeable Cd. Treatment of heavy metal combined pollution by combined remediation can achieve the best benefits, and the most suitable ratio is 2% (w/w) of biochar and 60% (v/w) of manganese oxide bacteria remediation agent. The migration of cadmium in soil induced by biochar and manganese-oxidizing bacteria may be due to the increase of DOM.
Conclusions
Compared with the single application, the combined remediation of biochar and manganese-oxidizing bacteria has better effect on composite pollution. Combined remediation is more suitable for soil contaminated by Pb and As, and it is difficult to efficiently solve the simultaneous Cd pollution. At the same time, combined remediation has greater development potential for Pb and Cd pollution in water.
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Acknowledgements
In this study, we are very grateful to Xiangliang Pan Research Group of Zhejiang University of Technology for providing technical support.
Funding
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1802905).
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Mengbo Liu: formal analysis, software, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Shengli Wang: conceptualization, methodology, supervision, resources, funding acquisition. Meng Yang: investigation, validation. Yining Wu: visualization, data curation. Zhongren Nan: project administration.
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Liu, M., Wang, S., Yang, M. et al. Combined treatment of heavy metals in water and soil by biochar and manganese-oxidizing bacteria. J Soils Sediments 23, 145–155 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03298-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03298-6