Abstract
Purpose
Legume establishment and persistence in New Zealand hill and high-country soils are largely limited by high soil acidity and associated aluminum (Al) toxicity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of four rates of phosphogypsum (0, 1, 3, and 9 t ha−1) on Al speciation in the soil solution and to examine which species are mostly impacting total dry matter (TDM) yield of lucerne.
Methods
Glasshouse and incubation experiments were conducted using three acid soils with different exchangeable Al concentrations: Molesworth, Glenmore, and Lindis Peaks. The distribution of Al species was modeled using visual Minteq. Partial least square (PLS) regression was used to evaluate the relationships between Al3+ and other variables in the soil-soil solution system.
Results
In the planted and incubated Molesworth soils, Al3+ and hydroxylated Al (Al–OH) fractions decreased significantly at 1 and 3 t of phosphogypsum ha−1 compared to 0 t ha−1. However, in the planted Glenmore and incubated Lindis Peaks soils, these two fractions remained unchanged. The contribution of variables in Al3+ concentration depended on the soil type. However, the loading plot of the whole soil data set (n = 62) showed that Al–OH, base saturation, soil/soil solution pHw, and exchangeable Al were the main explanatory variables for the variation in Al3+ concentration. The TDM yield of lucerne was better explained by Al3+, Al-F, and Al-DOM than exchangeable Al.
Conclusions
Reasonable amounts of phosphogypsum (1 to 3 t ha−1) can help to alleviate Al toxicity in acid soils (pH ≤ 5.3), but higher application rates should be avoided.
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Acknowledgements
We thank Lincoln University’s technical staff, in particular Dharini Paramashivam, Lynne Clucas, Shiv Pokhrel, Leanne Hassall, and Jian Zhang for their laboratory assistance. We also thank Dr Hendrik Venter from Ravensdown for his valuable discussions.
Funding
This project was funded by Mohammed 6 Polytechnic University (UM6P, Morocco) and Office Chérifien des Phosphates (OCP, Morocco) under a collaborative research program with Lincoln University (contract LU 46500).
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Bouray, M., Moir, J.L., Condron, L.M. et al. Effect of phosphogypsum application on aluminum speciation in acid pasture soils. J Soils Sediments 22, 1959–1975 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03215-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03215-x