Abstract
Purpose
Owing to urbanization and industrial pollution, co-contamination of triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) and heavy metals is ubiquitous in aquatic sediments. However, the influence of coexisting heavy metals on TPhP transport remains unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the influence of coexisting heavy metals (Cd2+) on the behaviors of TPhP on sediments.
Methods
Mathematical equations were used to describe the adsorption/desorption process of TPhP on different sediments in the presence of Cd2+, and the underlying mechanism was proposed at the molecular level.
Results
The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that Cd2+ could complex with P = O of TPhP, interact with oxygen-containing functional groups of sediments, which generated additional sorption sites for TPhP, and modified sediments properties. Therefore, the sorption amount of TPhP on sediments was promoted at 10 μmol L−1 Cd2+. Furthermore, Cd2+ could also compete for sorption sites against TPhP. At 100 μmol L−1 Cd2+, the adverse effect overpassed the facilitatory effect caused by Cd2+, leading to the decrease of sorption amounts of TPhP. Additionally, the redundancy analysis indicated that the sorption amount of TPhP with Cd2+ coexisting had a positive correlation with sediment organic matter (SOM), C/H, and zeta potential of sediments. With regard to desorption, organic matter condensed by Cd2+, and the complexes formed by TPhP with Cd2+, slowed down the diffusion rate, and increased the possibility of the entrapment of TPhP in holes.
Conclusion
The sorption amounts of TPhP on sediments were increased at low Cd2+ concentration, and decreased at high Cd2+ concentration. Furthermore, the presence of Cd2+ could exacerbate the TPhP hysteresis on sediments. This research provides more comprehensive information on TPhP behaviors and facilitates more accurate assessment of the ecological risks posed by TPhP in sediments contaminated with heavy metals.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful for the grants for Project supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 92047201), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and the World – Class Universities (Disciplines) and the Characteristic Development Guidance Funds for the Central Universities, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42007149, No. 42007342), and Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (KYCX20_0500).
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Dandan Li: Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Peifang Wang: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing, Funding acquisition. Xun Wang: Writing – Review & Editing. Bin Hu: Writing – Review & Editing.
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Highlights
• Low level of Cd2+ promoted TPhP sorption while high level of Cd2+ suppressed.
• Interactions among TPhP, Cd2+, and sediments increased the sorption amount of TPhP.
• High concentration Cd2+ would compete for sorption sites on sediments against TPhP.
• The desorption hysteresis of TPhP was obviously exacerbated by Cd2+ on sediments.
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Li, D., Wang, P., Wang, X. et al. Influence of the coexisting cadmium (II) on the adsorption and desorption behaviors of triphenyl phosphate on aquatic sediments. J Soils Sediments 22, 2062–2075 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03193-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-022-03193-0