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Identification of zones contaminated with phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by concentrations in gridded soil with 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude resolution: a case study of Zhejiang, China

  • Soils, Sec 2 • Global Change, Environ Risk Assess, Sustainable Land Use • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of global concern because of their serious environmental impacts. The identification of zones contaminated with PAEs and PAHs in the soil is urgently needed to provide a basis for land use and remediation.

Materials and methods

Zhejiang Province was used as a typical example to identify contaminated zones by measuring the concentrations of PAEs and PAHs in gridded soil with a 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude resolution. Based on the concentrations and spatial distributions of PAEs and PAHs in superficial soil in Zhejiang, the estimation of inventory, and the assessment of ecological risk, the contaminated zones and possible sources of these two groups of pollutants were identified.

Results and discussion

High spatial variability of PAE concentrations in the surface soils was observed in Zhejiang Province. The areas with high PAE concentrations were in the middle region of Zhejiang where highly urbanized and industrialized. The spatial distribution of PAH in the surface soil of Zhejiang appeared to be uneven. High PAH concentrations in the soil of Zhejiang were mainly measured in plains areas and can be linked to the development of industry and multiple emission sources.

Conclusions

PAE pollution mainly originated from centralized plastic manufacturing, plastic product use, and plastic waste recycling. PAH contamination was linked to the combustion of fuels in vehicle engines and industrial discharge from a cluster of low-capacity boilers. These results can provide a database and reliable reference information for land use and remediation in other agroindustrial ecotone areas.

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Availability of data and material

The data and materials used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study was supported by Zhejiang Province Public Welfare Technology Application Research Project (LGF21B070006) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21976160, 41877494).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), Key Laboratory of Microbial Control Technology for Industrial Pollution in Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Mingzhe Lv, Jiacheng Li, Xintao Ye, Tianwei Xu, Lu Liu, Shanshan Zhou, Jianqiang Sun & Anping Zhang

  2. Zhejiang Institute of Mechanical & Eletrical Engineering, Hangzhou, 310013, China

    Wei Gao

Authors
  1. Mingzhe Lv
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  2. Wei Gao
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  3. Jiacheng Li
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  4. Xintao Ye
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  5. Tianwei Xu
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  6. Lu Liu
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  7. Shanshan Zhou
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  8. Jianqiang Sun
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  9. Anping Zhang
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Contributions

Mingzhe Lv: Writing draft preparation, Methodology and Assembly of data; Wei Gao: Contributed to Map information and analysis of data; Jiacheng Li: Manuscript preparation; Xintao Ye: Sampling; Tianwei Xu: Revised the manuscript; Lu Liu: Revised the manuscript; Shanshan Zhou: Critical revision of the article; Jianqiang Sun: Critical revision of the article; Anping Zhang: Research concept and design.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anping Zhang.

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Lv, M., Gao, W., Li, J. et al. Identification of zones contaminated with phthalates and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by concentrations in gridded soil with 1/6° latitude by 1/4° longitude resolution: a case study of Zhejiang, China. J Soils Sediments 22, 67–78 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03075-x

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