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Long-term fertilization alters chemical composition and stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a Chinese red soil: evidence from aggregate fractionation, C mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Long-term fertilization is a widely accepted strategy to enhance soil organic (SOC). However, fertilization effects on the stability of aggregate-associated OC remained largely unknown. Thus, stability of aggregate-associated OC was studied through aggregate fractionation, C-mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses.

Materials and methods

Three aggregates (macro-aggregates, micro-aggregates, and silt + clay) were separated and analyzed for SOC contents, C-mineralization, and 13C NMR analysis, for the following fertilization modes: control (CK), inorganic (NPK), and NPK combined with manure (NPKM).

Results and discussion

Highest contents (12.3–15.4 g kg−1 aggregate) for SOC were obtained in macro-aggregates under NPK and NPKM application which were 47 and 85% higher than CK. Under the applied treatments, the highest CO2-C mineralization (mg kg−1 soil) was observed for macro-aggregates and least for silt + clay fractions indicating high stability of OC associated with silt + clay fraction. Moreover, manure combined with inorganic fertilizer (NPKM) considerably lowered C-mineralization (per unit SOC) in aggregates and bulk soil suggesting high potential of manure addition to stabilize SOC through minimizing proportional to total aggregate or bulk soil OC decomposition. Furthermore, 13C NMR analysis revealed carbonyl-C as the chief C-functional group sequestered. Manure application greatly enhanced SOC stability indices AI, HI, and A/OA which further indicates high SOC stability under manure addition.

Conclusion

Silt + clay fraction was more capable of protecting SOC against decomposition and manure combined with inorganic fertilizer not only had the potential to sequester more C but could also improve the stability of sequestered SOC associated with different aggregates.

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Funding

Authors gratefully acknowledge the grants (41620104006 and U1710255) provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China

    Adnan Mustafa, Xu Hu, Syed Atizaz Ali Shah, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Ali Akbar Maitlo, Wang Boren, Sun Nan & Xu Minggang

  2. Soil Fertility Research Institute, Agriculture Research Sindh, Tando Jam, Govt. of Sindh, 70060, Pakistan

    Ali Akbar Maitlo

  3. Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, 90150, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan

    Kashif Ali Kubar

  4. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, People’s Republic of China

    Qudsia Saeed

  5. Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Muhammad Kamran

  6. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan

    Muhammad Naveed

  7. Qiyang Agro-ecosystem of National Field Experimental Station, 426182, Hunan, China

    Wang Boren

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  1. Adnan Mustafa
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Correspondence to Adnan Mustafa or Xu Minggang.

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Mustafa, A., Hu, X., Shah, S.A.A. et al. Long-term fertilization alters chemical composition and stability of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a Chinese red soil: evidence from aggregate fractionation, C mineralization, and 13C NMR analyses. J Soils Sediments 21, 2483–2496 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02944-9

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