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A native Zn-solubilising bacterium from mine soil promotes plant growth and facilitates phytoremediation

  • Soils, Sec 4 • Ecotoxicology • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

An important bottleneck in phytoremediation technologies, which focus on extraction of potentially toxic trace elements, is the low solubility and bioavailability of metals, a handicap that worsens over time. To overcome this barrier, we explored the possibility of using Zn-solubilising bacteria with plant growth-promoting characteristics.

Material and methods

Zn-tolerant soil bacteria were isolated from an ancient Zn-Pb mine using cultivation media with a high ZnSO4 concentration (2.5 mM). Among the bacteria able to grow on this medium, those with plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics (P and Zn solubilisation and indole-3-acetic acid production) were selected. The best candidates (seven strains) were identified after 16S rDNA sequencing, and Pseudomonas fluorescens NCBI Accession No. MT218317 was selected for a microbial-assisted phytoremediation experiment with Sinapis alba plants.

Results and discussion

Fifteen days after inoculation, both shoot and root growth were higher in inoculated than in un-inoculated white mustard plants. Soil metal contents (total and exchangeable fractions) remained practically invariable. In contrast, the PGP bacterium raised the plant concentrations of some of the micronutrients, together with Cd and Pb. In addition, the bioaccumulation factors for Cd and Zn were higher in the bacterium-inoculated plants. Increased metal concentrations in plants on bacterium-inoculated soil can be due to either or both bacterium-induced enhancement of micronutrients availability and production of beneficial compounds induced by the bacterium.

Conclusions

The artificial inoculation of P. fluorescens MT218317 promoted the biomass of S. alba plants potentiating the phytoextraction of Zn and phytostabilisation of Cd and Pb on a metal-contaminated soil. The novelty of the study is the use of metal-solubilising microorganism in combination with metal-tolerant plants for improving the restoration of soils containing potentially toxic elements.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Laura Pérez-Martín for her help in the inoculation experiment and Dr. Eliana Bianucci for her assistance on the re-isolation of P. fluorescens from the soil.

Funding

This study was funded by the Spanish Government (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades) and projects BFU2013-42839-R, BFU2016-75176-R, and PID2019-104000-R.

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  1. Plant Physiology Unit, Biosciences Faculty, Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain

    Miquel Llimós, Miquel Bistué, Charlotte Poschenrieder & Soledad Martos

  2. Environmental Health and Soil Science Section, Pharmacy and Food Science Faculty, Universitat Barcelona, 08007, Barcelona, Spain

    Miquel Llimós

  3. IES Sentmenat, 08181, Barcelona, Sentmenat, Spain

    Javier Marcelino

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  1. Miquel Llimós
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ESM 1

Positive re-isolation of P. fluorescens (uab6, NCBI No. MT218317) 7 days after the last inoculation in soil. An aliquot of 10-4 dilution was cultured on King’s B agar plates and image was taken after two days at 27°C. (PNG 764 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 283 kb)

ESM 2

Ability of isolate uab2 to solubilise P (a), fluorescence emitted by P. fluorescens (uab6, NCBI No. MT218317) under UV light conditions (b), solubilisation of ZnO (c), and siderophore production of six isolates (d). (PNG 1468 kb)

High resolution image (TIF 8014 kb)

ESM 3

Fresh weight (in g) of Sinapis alba after inoculation with P. fluorescens NCBI No. MT218317 and the bacterium inactivated by heat (control group). * indicates statistically significant differences among treatments at P < 0.05. (PNG 57 kb)

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Llimós, M., Bistué, M., Marcelino, J. et al. A native Zn-solubilising bacterium from mine soil promotes plant growth and facilitates phytoremediation. J Soils Sediments 21, 2301–2314 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02934-x

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