Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Influence of silicon on cadmium availability and cadmium uptake by rice in acid and alkaline paddy soils

  • Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this research was to study the inhibiting effects of cadmium uptake into plants by exogenous silicon between acid and alkaline paddy soils, especially, the effects of silicon without the differentiation of pH and accompanying ions. Therefore, without the interference of pH and accompany ions (Na+), the mechanisms of soil chemistry on cadmium (Cd) transformation and accumulation by Si application in the soil-plant system were examined.

Materials and methods

The acid and alkaline soils for the experiment were collected from the upper soil layer (0~20 cm) from two paddy fields. The Cd solution as CdNO3 and different levels of SiO2 as Na2SiO3 solutions were applied in the potted soils. To eliminate differences of nitrate and sodium among the treatments, 6.8, 6.8, and 1.7 g sodium nitrate was added into the CK, Si0Cd5, and Si90Cd5 treatments, respectively. The soil redox potential and pH during the experiments were determined. After harvest, changes in Cd concentrations in rice grains, stems, and roots were measured. Soil samples in close proximity to the rice roots were collected at harvest. The sequential extraction was employed to estimate the chemical speciation of Cd in the treated soils.

Results and discussion

The Si applications reduced Cd accumulation in rice plants, thereby increasing the rice yield. With increase of the dosages, the ratios of Cd contents in root, stem, and grain decreased significantly. The Eh and pH of the Si treatments were higher than application of Cd only. In the alkaline soil, Cd contents in the soil solutions of the Si treatments were higher than the Si0Cd5 treatment. In contrast, in the acid soil, the Cd contents in the soil solution of the Si treatments were lower than that Si0Cd5 treatment. In the acid soil, Si application improved the Cd adsorption by soil and alleviated Cd uptake by plants. Therefore, the alkaline soil reduced Cd phytoavailability by forming Si-Cd water-soluble complex, which could not be taken up by rice plants.

Conclusions

The Si application significantly increased yield of rice and decreased Cd concentrations in the roots, stems, and grains of rice plants. In the alkaline soil, Cd and Si formed the Si-Cd water-soluble complex, which could not be taken up by the rice plants. In both soils, Si reduced the concentrations of acid extractable Cd and reducible Cd while promoting the formation of oxidable Cd and residual Cd, resulting in low soil Cd bioavailability.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbasi GH, Akhtar J, Anwar-ul-Haq M, Malik W, Ali S, Chen ZH, Zhang GP (2015) Morpho-physiological and micrographic characterization of maize hybrids under NaCl and Cd stress. Plant Growth Regul 75:115–122

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Adrees M, Ali S, Rizwan M, Ibrahim M, Abbas F, Farid M, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Irshad MK, Bharwana SA (2015) The effect of excess copper on growth and physiology of important food crops: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 22:8148–8162

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ahnstrom ZS, Parker DR (1999) Development and assessment of a sequential extraction procedure for the fractionation of soil cadmium. Soil Sci Soc Am J 63:1650–1658

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alan M, Kara D (2019) Comparison of a new sequential extraction method and the BCR sequential extraction method for mobility assessment of elements around boron mines in Turkey. Talanta 194:189–198

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali S, Farooq MA, Yasmeen T, Hussain S, Arif MS, Abbas F, Bharwana SA, Zhang G (2013) The influence of silicon on barley growth, photosynthesis and ultra-structure under chromium stress. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 89:66–72

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Almås AR, Lombnaes P, Sogn TA, Mulder J (2006) Speciation of Cd and Zn in contaminated soils assessed by DGT-DIFS, and WHAM/ModelVI in relation to uptake by spinach and ryegrass. Chemosphere 62:1647–1655

    Google Scholar 

  • Birchall JD (1990) The role of silicon in biology. Chem Br 26:141–144

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen RS, Wang JX, Liu HC, Dai AB (1982) Research of silicic acid and silicate XVI.Ca2+ Na+ and K+ react with silicon hydroxyl on the surface of silica gel. Acta Chim Sci 40:1084–1086

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen DM, Chen DQ, Xue RR, Long J, Lin XH, Li YB, Jia LH, Zeng RZ, Song YY (2019) Effects of boron, silicon and their interactions on cadmium accumulation and toxicity in rice plants. J Hazard Mater 367:447–455

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng WWL, Gobas FAPC (2007) Assessment of human health risk of consumption of cadmium contaminated oysters. Human. Ecol Risk Assess 13:370–382

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dresler S, Wójcik M, Bednarek W, Hanaka A, Tukiendorf A (2015) The effect of silicon on maize growth under cadmium stress. Russ J Plant Physiol 62:86–92

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Du LG, Bogaert NG, Tack FMG, Marc G, Verloo MG, Hendrickx F (2002) Heavy metal contents (cd, cu, Zn) in spiders (Pirata piraticus) living in intertidal sediments of the river Scheldt estuary(Belgium)as affected by substrate characteristics. Sci Total Environ 289:71–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein E (1999) Silicon. Annu. Rev. plant Physiol. Plant Mol Biol 50:641–664

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gabarrón M, Zornoza R, Martínez-Martínez S, Muñoz VA, Faz A, Acosta J (2019) Effect of land use and soil properties in the feasibility of two sequential extraction procedures for metals fractionation. Chemosphere 218:266–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge XG, Ma GW, Huang SY, Xu ZQ (2004) Synthesis and characterization of materials La-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with La skeleton adulteration. Chin Rare Earths 25:1–4

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu MH, Li XF (2002) Effect of silicon on alleviation of aluminum toxicity and corresponded mechanisms in rice. Plant Nutr Fertil Sci 8:360–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Gu HH, Qiu H, Tian T, Zhan SS, Deng THB, Chaney RL, Wang SZ, Tang YT, Morel JL, Qiu RL (2011) Mitigation effects of silicon rich amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) planted on multi-metal contaminated acidic soil. Chemosphere 83:1234–1240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guerriero G, Hausman J-F, Legay S (2016) Silicon and the plant extracellular matrix. Front Plant Sci 7

  • Gupta AK, Sinha S (2006) Chemical fractionation and heavy metal accumulation in the plant of Sesamum indicum (L.) var. T55 grown on soil amended with tannery sludge: selection of single extractants. Chemosphere 64:161–173

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heltai G, Győri Z, Fekete I, Halász G, Kovács K, Takács A, Boros N, Horváth M (2018) Long-term study of transformation of potentially toxic element pollution in soil/water/sediment system by means of fractionation with sequential extraction procedures. Microchemical 136:85–93

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hussain I, Ashraf MA, Rasheed R, Asghar A, Sajid MA, Iqbal M (2015) Exogenous application of silicon at the boot stage decreases accumulation of cadmium in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains. Braz J Bot 38:223–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Imtiaz M, Rizwan MS, Mushtaq MA, Ashraf M, Shahzad SM, Yousaf B, Saeed DA, Rizwan M, Nawaz MA, Mehmood S (2016) Silicon occurrence, uptake, transport and mechanisms of heavy metals, minerals and salinity enhanced tolerance in plants with future prospects: a review. J Environ Manag 183:521–529

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kartal S, Aydm Z, Tokaliog LS (2006) Fractionation of metals in street sediment samples by using the BCR sequential extraction procedure and multivariate statistical elucidation of the data. J Hazard Mater 132:80–89

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korndörfer GH, Snyder GH, Ulloa MM, Powell GG, Datnoff LE (2001) Calibration of soil and plant silicon analysis for rice production. J Plant Nutr 24:1071–1084

    Google Scholar 

  • Li CS, Yang XQ, Xu Y, Li LH, Wang YQ (2018) Cadmium detoxification induced by salt stress improves cadmium tolerance of multi-stress-tolerant, Pichia kudriavzevii. Environ Pollut 242:845–854

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liang YC, Wong JWC, Wei L (2005) Silicon-mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium contaminated soil. Chemosphere 58:475–483

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Ma J, He CW, Li XL, Zhang WJ, Xu FS, Lin YJ, Wang LJ (2013) Inhibition of cadmium ion uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) cells by a wall-bound form of silicon. New Phytol 200:691–699

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu JG, Cai H, Mei CC, Wang MX (2015) Effects of nano-silicon and common silicon on lead uptake and translocation in two rice cultivars. Front Environ Sci Eng 9:905–911

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu MD, Li C, Zhao YT, Ying B, Yang D, He N, Wang YJ (2017) Effect of added silicon on adsorption-desorption characteristics of cadmium on paddy soil with different pH. J Agro Environ Sci 36:672–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Cai HM, He CW, Zhang WJ, Wang LJ (2015) A hemicellulose-bound form of silicon inhibits cadmium ion uptake in rice (Oryza sativa) cells. New Phytol 206:1063–1074

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeem A, Saifullah GA, Farooq M (2015) Suppression of cadmium concentration in wheat grains by silicon is related to its application rate and cadmium accumulating abilities of cultivars. J Sci Food Agric 95:2467–2472

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naeem A, Saifullah, Zia-ur-Rehman M, Akhtar T, Zia MH, Aslam M (2018) Silicon nutrition lowers cadmium content of wheat cultivars by regulating transpiration rate and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Environ Pollut 242:126–135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Food and Drug Administration (2017) National food safety standard-limit of contaminants in food GB 2762–2017. China Standards Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Putwattana N, Kruatrachue M, Pokethitiyook P, Chaiyarat R (2010) Immobilization of cadmium in soil by cow manure and silicate fertilizer, and reduced accumulation of cadmium in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Sci Asia 36:349–354

    Google Scholar 

  • RDA (1988) Methods of soil chemical analysis. Suwon, Korea: National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, RDA, Survon, Korea

  • Rizwan M, Meunier JD, Miche H, Keller C (2012) Effect of silicon on reducing cadmium toxicity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Claudio W.) grown in a soil with aged contamination. J Hazard Mater 209-210:326–334

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez L, Ruiz E, Alonso-Azcarate J, Rincn J (2009) Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb-Zn mine in Spain. J Environ Manag 90:1106–1116

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi GR, Cai QS, Liu CF, Wu L (2010) Silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity in peanut plants in relation to cadmium distribution and stimulation of antioxidative enzymes. Plant Growth Regul 61:45–52

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Silveira ML, Alleoni LRF, O'Connor GA, Chang AC (2006) Heavy metal sequential extraction methods-a modification for tropical soils. Chemosphere 64:1929–1938

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tack FM, Verloo MG (1995) Chemical speciation and fractionation in soil and sediment heavy metal analysis: a review. Int J Environ Anal Chem 59:225–238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi E, Hino K (1978) Silica uptake by rice plant with special reference to the forms of dissolved silica. J Sci Soil Manure Japan 49:357–360

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tandy S, Healey JR, Nason MA, Williamson JC, Jones DL (2009) Remediation of metal polluted mine soil with compost: co-composting versus in corporation. Environ Pollut 157:690–697

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vaculík M, Landberg T, Greger M, Luxová M, Stoláriková M, Lux A (2012) Silicon modifies root anatomy, and uptake and subcellular distribution of cadmium in young maize plants. Ann Bot 110:433–443

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaculík M, Pavlovič A, Lux A (2015) Silicon alleviates cadmium toxicity by enhanced photosynthetic rate and modified bundle sheath's cell chloroplasts ultrastructure in maize. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 120:66–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Feng YM, Wang SM, Du YQ, Yin JZ, Yang YL (2015) Assessment of the cadmium exposure in the blood, diet, and water of the Pumi people in Yunnan, China. Biol Trace Elem Res 168:349–355

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang ME, Chen WP, Peng C (2016) Risk assessment of Cd polluted paddy soils in the industrial and township areas in Hunan, Southern China. Chemosphere 144:346–351

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang CG, Dou H, Liang YC, Lou YS (2005) Influence of silicon on cadmium availability and cadmium uptake by maize in cadmium-contaminated soil. Sci Agric Sin 38:116–121

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ye J, Yan CL, Liu JC, Lu HL, Liu T, Song ZF (2012) Effects of silicon on the distribution of cadmium compartmentation in root tips of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong. Environ Pollut 162:369–373

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan KN (1990) Soil chemistry. Agriculture Press, Beijing

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang CC, Wang LJ, Qing N, Zhang WX, Zhang FS (2008) Long-term effects of exogenous silicon on cadmium translocation and toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Environ Exp Bot 62:300–307

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41371306).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Yuting Zhao and Mingda Liu contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China

    Yuting Zhao, Mingda Liu, Lei Guo, Dan Yang, Na He & Yaojing Wang

  2. College of Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China

    Yaojing Wang

  3. Liaoning Environmental Monitoring and Experiment Center, Shenyang, 110161, China

    Bo Ying

Authors
  1. Yuting Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mingda Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lei Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dan Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Na He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bo Ying
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yaojing Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yaojing Wang.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Research involving human participants and/or animals

This article does not contain any studies with human participants performed by any of the authors.

Informed consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Responsible editor: Zhihong Xu

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhao, Y., Liu, M., Guo, L. et al. Influence of silicon on cadmium availability and cadmium uptake by rice in acid and alkaline paddy soils. J Soils Sediments 20, 2343–2353 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02597-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02597-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation