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Novel ferrihydrite sand coating process as a first step for designed technosols

  • SUITMA 8: Soils and Sediments in Urban and Mining Areas
  • Published:
Journal of Soils and Sediments Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

The production of technosols to remediate polluted or sealed urban soils to sustain new green areas is mainly empirical. For this, our research aims to contribute with the scientific knowledge base for purpose designing of technosols. Since iron minerals play an important role for many different functions of soils, we simplified a technique to incorporate and stabilize iron minerals in a substrate: a sand coated with an amorphous iron (hydr)oxide, a 2-line ferrihydrite (2L-FH).

Materials and methods

The 2L-FH was precipitated by neutralization of a concentrated FeCl3 solution. The suspension was homogeneously mixed with the sand and the mixture was dried at 35 °C. The mechanical stability of the 21 2L-FH-coated sand was determined by shaking the aggregates in water for 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1 000 min. The degree of coating detachment and the properties of the coating after shaking were characterized through (a) Fe content, (b) zeta-potential and particle size of the detached particles, (c) the specific surface area (SSA) of the coated sand, and (d) its surface structure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A phosphate adsorption isotherm was performed to measure the P-sorption capacity of the shaken samples and to test the 2L-FH-quartz attachment stability against the surface charge reduction of the 2L-FH associated with P adsorption.

Results and discussion

A reduced Fe loss (30 %) and smaller sizes of the coating detached particles in the sample shaken for 1 000 min indicate that a fractioning and reattachment of these aggregates occurred during the agitation process, resulting in a smoother surface (SEM), and a larger SSA and P-sorption capacity. The coated shaken samples showed P-adsorption capacities (5.3–6.34 μmol P g−1) comparable to high loadings of phosphate in soils, and low detachment of Fe (7–14 %) in spite of negativity surface charge increase.

Conclusions

The practical novel coating process along with the 1 000-min shaking produced a mechanical resistant and P-adsorptive effective coated sand that could sustain the needs of plants in further experiments.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Sondra Klitzke for her enlightning contribution to the discussion. We thank the Center for Microscopy of the Technische Universität (ZELMI), especially Christoph Fahrenson, for his help on the microscopy images. We thank Claudia Kuntz, Maike Mai, and Monika Rohrbeck for their technical assistance with the laboratory procedures. We thank the Deutsche Akademische Austauschdienst (DAAD, German Academic Exchange Service) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico (SRE Mexico) for funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology, Department of Soil Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany

    Eleonora Flores-Ramírez, Peter Dominik & Martin Kaupenjohann

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  1. Eleonora Flores-Ramírez
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  2. Peter Dominik
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  3. Martin Kaupenjohann
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Correspondence to Eleonora Flores-Ramírez.

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Communicated by: Jean Louis Morel

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Flores-Ramírez, E., Dominik, P. & Kaupenjohann, M. Novel ferrihydrite sand coating process as a first step for designed technosols. J Soils Sediments 18, 3349–3359 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1450-1

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