Abstract
There has been an increasing level of interest in diversity in small business enterprises. This diversity has been largely focused on female and ethnic minority entrepreneurs. Although there is evidence that female entrepreneurship can have a positive impact on economic prosperity, levels of earnings remain low. The articles in this special issue further our understanding of female and minority entrepreneurs. They examine important topics such as the differences between male and female entrepreneurs in terms of confidence, growth expectations, entrepreneurial orientation and social capital, developing management skills in female entrepreneurs, their management competencies and refugee entrepreneurship.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blenker, P., Dreisler, P., & Nielsen, K. (2003). Promoting entrepreneurship — Changing attitudes or behaviour? Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10, 383–393.
Botha, M., Nieman, G., & van Vuuren, J. (2006). Enhancing female entrepreneurship by enabling access to skills. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, in press.
Brush, C., Carter, N. M., Gatewood, E., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M. (2004). Clearing the Hurdles: Women Building High-Growth Businesses, FT/Prentice Hall
Brush, C. G., Carter, N., Greene, P., Hart, M., & Gatewood, E. (2002). The role of social capital and gender in linking financial suppliers and entrepreneurial firms: A framework for future research. Venture Capital, 4, 305–323.
Carter, N. M., & Brush, C. G. (2004). Gender. In W. B. Gartner, K. G. Shaver, N. M. Carter, & P. D. Reynolds (Eds.), Handbook of entrepreneurial dynamics. London: SAGE.
Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P. (1989). Strategic management of small firms in hostile and benign environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 57–75.
Daniel, T. A. (2004, Winter). The exodus of women from the corporate workplace to self owned businesses. Employment Relations Today, 30(4), 55–61.
Fagenson, E. A. (1993). Personal value systems of men and women entrepreneurs versus managers. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 409–430.
Fischer, E., Reuber, R., & Dyke, L. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 151–168.
Frazier, B. (2000). The Influence of Network Characteristics on Information Access, Marketing Competence, and Perceptions of Performance in Small, Rural Businesses, Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
Gibb, A. (1997). Small firms’ training and competitiveness: Building upon the small business as a learning organisation. International Small Business Journal, 15, 13–20.
Gold, S. J. (1992). The employment potentials of refugee entrepreneurship: Soviet Jews and Vietnamese in California. Policy Studies Review, 11, 176–186.
Hauff, E., & Vaglum, P. (1993). Integration of Vietnamese refugees into the Norwegian labor market: The impact of war trauma. International Migration Review, 27, 388–405.
Kloosterman, R., & van der Leun, J. (1999). Just for starters: Commercial gentrification by immigrant entrepreneurs in Amsterdam and Rotterdam neighbourhoods. Housing Studies, 14, 659–677.
Kollinger, P., & Minniti, M. (2005). Not for lack of trying: American entrepreneurship black and white. Paper presented at the conference: Nascent Entrepreneurship: The Hidden Potential (CD). Durham, 2005.
Masters, R., & Meier, R. (1988). Sex differences and risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 26, 31–35.
Matthews, C. H., & Human, S. E. (2000). The little engine that could: Uncertainty and growth expectations of nascent entrepreneurs. In P. D. Reynold, et al. (Eds.), Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research 2000. Wellesley, MA: Babson College.
McGregor, J., & Tweed, D. (2001). Gender and managerial competence: Support for theories of androgyny? Women in Management Review, 16, 279–286.
Menzies, T. V., Diochon, M., & Gasse, Y. (2004). Examining venture-related myths concerning women entrepreneurs. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(2), 89–107.
Menzies, T. V., Diochon, M., Gasse, Y., & Elgie, S. (2006). A longitudinal study of female vs. male nascent entrepreneurs in Canada: Characteristics, process and outcome differences. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, in press.
Miller, D. (1983). The correlates of entrepreneurship in three types of firms. Management Science, 29, 770–791.
Minniti, M., Arenius, P., & Langowitz, N. (2006). Global entrepreneurship monitor report on women and entrepreneurship. Babson Park, MA: The Centre for Women’s Leadership, Babson College.
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, M. S. (1998). Social capital, intellectual capital and the organizational advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23, 242–266.
Niehm, L. S. (2002). Retail superpreneurs and their influence on small communities. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
O’Neill, R. C., & Viljoen, L. (2001). Support for female entrepreneurs in South Africa: Improvement or decline? Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, 29, 37–44.
Portes, A. (1995). The economic sociology of immigration: Essays on networks, ethnicity and entrepreneurship. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Runyan, R. C., Huddleston, P., & Swinney, J. (2006). Entrepreneurial orientation and social capital as small firm strategies: A study of gender differences from a resource-based view. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, in press.
Smallbone, D. (1990). Success and failure in new business start-ups. International Small Business Journal, 8, 34–47.
Smith-Hunter, A. E., & Boyd, R. L. (2004). Applying theories of entrepreneurship to a comparative analysis of white and minority women business owners. Women in Management Review, 19(1), 18–28.
Stanger, A. M. J. (2004). Gender-comparative use of small business training and assistance: A literature review. Education and Training, 46, 464–473.
Stockdale, R., Rowe, M., & Walker, E. A. (2004). Is the owner the business? Internal influences on e-commerce adoption in small businesses. Proceedings of the 5th Webcentre Conference 25–26th November. Perth: Edith Cowan University.
Wagner, J. (2004). What a difference a Y Makes: Female and male nascent entrepreneurs in Germany, IZA DP No.1134. Forschungsinstitut zur Zukunft der Arbeit, Bonn, Germany, 2004.
Waldinger, R., Aldrich, H., & Ward, R. (1990). Opportunities, group characteristics, and strategies. In R. Waldinger, H. Aldrich & R. Ward (Eds.), Ethnic entrepreneurs: immigrant businesses in industrial societies (pp. 13–48). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Walker, E., & Webster, B. (2006). Management competencies of women business owners. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, in press.
Wauters, B., & Lambrecht, J. (2006). Refugee entrepreneurship in Belgium: Potential and practice. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 2, in press.
Winn, J. (2005). Women entrepreneurs: Can we remove the barriers? International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 1, 381–397.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fuller-Love, N., Lim, L. & Akehurst, G. Guest editorial: Female and ethnic minority entrepreneurship. Int Entrep Manag J 2, 429–439 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0007-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-006-0007-y