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Effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review

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Abstract

Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Age-related alterations in sleep and chronobiology may exaggerate CVD susceptibility in older individuals. The mechanisms responsible for the association between sleep deprivation and CVD are not fully understood, but endothelial dysfunction may play a central role. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence on the effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function (EF). This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020192485, 07/24/2020). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published through May 1, 2020. Eligibility criteria included publication in English and use of well-established EF methodologies in adult humans. Two investigators independently performed the literature search, study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and qualitative data synthesis. Out of 3571 articles identified, 24 articles were included in the systematic review. Main findings include the following: (1) shorter sleep duration is associated with lower macrovascular EF; (2) not sleeping 7–9 h/night is linked with impaired microvascular EF; (3) sleep restriction impairs micro- and macrovascular EF; (4) acute total sleep deprivation impairs micro- and macrovascular EF but data on macrovascular EF are less consistent; and (5) shift work impairs macrovascular EF. In conclusion, sleep deprivation impairs EF, which may explain the link between insufficient sleep and CVD. Future investigations should fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to combat the adverse endothelial effects of sleep deprivation across the lifespan.

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Funding

DDC was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health [grant AG063143].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8205, USA

    Brady J. Holmer, Stephanie S. Lapierre & Demetra D. Christou

  2. Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8205, USA

    Danielle E. Jake-Schoffman

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  1. Brady J. Holmer
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Contributions

BJH and DDC conceived and designed the systematic review. BJH and SSL performed the literature search and screening, data extraction and synthesis, and risk-of-bias assessment. BJH wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. DDC, SSL, and DEJS critically revised the manuscript for intellectual content. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Demetra D. Christou.

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This systematic review was based on data acquired through previously published articles.

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Holmer, B.J., Lapierre, S.S., Jake-Schoffman, D.E. et al. Effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review. GeroScience 43, 137–158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00312-y

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