Table 3 Inflammatory markers, lipid peroxides, and adhesion molecules according to changes in arterial stiffness at baseline and at 3-year follow-up

 Baseline

23.9 ± 0.47

0.343

25.3 ± 0.41

0.251

0.094

 Follow-up

24.1 ± 0.35

25.1 ± 0.44

0.235

 Change

0.16 ± 0.27

−0.16 ± 0.13

0.194

 Baseline

0.91 ± 0.01

0.592

0.89 ± 0.01

0.025

0.247

 Follow-up

0.90 ± 0.01

0.91 ± 0.01

0.332

 Change

−0.01 ± 0.01

0.02 ± 0.01

0.043

 Baseline^a

1,385.9 ± 49.7

<0.001

1,299.3 ± 25.4

<0.001

0.096

 Follow-up^a

1,306.1 ± 50.6

1,403.3 ± 31.4

0.118

 Change

−79.9 ± 13.7

104.0 ± 13.0

<0.001

 Baseline^a

6.71 ± 0.56

0.038

5.67 ± 0.29

0.508

0.088

 Follow-up^a

5.74 ± 0.25

5.81 ± 0.24

0.909

 Change

−0.97 ± 0.50

0.14 ± 0.26

0.043

 Baseline^a

1.84 ± 0.51

0.039

0.71 ± 0.11

0.040

0.005

 Follow-up^a

0.73 ± 0.09

0.94 ± 0.13

0.617

 Change

−1.11 ± 0.53

0.23 ± 0.17

0.007

 Baseline^a

5.40 ± 0.82

0.038

4.28 ± 0.60

0.757

0.301

 Follow-up^a

3.37 ± 0.43

4.94 ± 0.78

0.226

 Change

−2.03 ± 1.01

0.67 ± 0.57

0.038

 Baseline^a

1,307.0 ± 111.1

0.399

1,394.5 ± 99.6

0.039

0.985

 Follow-up^a

1,182.9 ± 73.1

1,559.4 ± 99.3

0.003

 Change

−124.1 ± 115.6

164.9 ± 144.0

0.027

 Baseline^a

10.2 ± 0.46

0.032

9.68 ± 0.42

<0.001

0.292

 Follow-up^a

11.6 ± 0.55

13.1 ± 0.72

0.165

 Change

1.42 ± 0.54

3.46 ± 0.67

0.027

 Baseline^a

33.6 ± 2.08

0.009

34.3 ± 2.08

0.002

0.951

 Follow-up^a

41.4 ± 2.07

44.7 ± 3.21

0.954

 Change

7.81 ± 2.66

10.4 ± 2.60

0.788

 Baseline

181.7 ± 10.6

0.526

201.7 ± 10.6

0.676

0.290

 Follow-up

187.6 ± 15.2

197.8 ± 12.1

0.615

 Change

5.91 ± 10.7

−3.96 ± 5.81

0.555

 Baseline

698.6 ± 74.4

0.335

660.5 ± 61.5

0.138

0.455

 Follow-up

755.5 ± 104.5

745.6 ± 85.8

0.829

 Change

56.9 ± 66.8

85.1 ± 65.4

0.659

 Baseline

36.3 ± 2.92

0.342

32.2 ± 1.87

0.002

0.188

 Follow-up

33.8 ± 3.06

39.5 ± 3.04

0.183

 Change

−2.53 ± 2.34

7.33 ± 2.67

0.004