Retraction Note: Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2022) 30:21914-21926

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23588-3

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding areas of high similarity within the images presented in Figs. 5b and 9d. The authors have provided the raw data images for validation. However, further checks by the Publisher have found that the images presented in Figs. 4a, 5a, 5b and 9d appear to be different from the raw data provided and show signs of image editing.

The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the presented data.

None of the authors have responded to any correspondence from this publisher about this retraction notice.