Abstract
Chlorambucil (CML) cures chronic lymphatic leukemia (white blood cell cancer). A high dose of CML can cause several side effects like bone marrow suppression, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, and infertility in the human body. In this research, we have synthesized a nanocomposite based on copper-doped titanium dioxide (CuTiO2) adorned with 2D hexagonal boron nitride (CuTiO2@BN) for the efficient electrochemical detection of CML. A series of characterization techniques FT-IR, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, EDAX XPS, and electrochemical characterization were used to analyze the CuTiO2@BN nanocomposite structural and morphological compositions. The sensing performance of the CuTiO2@BN modified GCE for CML detection has been assessed using voltammetry methods. The chronoamperometry technique analyzed the kinetics of the electrochemical oxidation of CML at CuTiO2@BN/GCE. The CuTiO2@BN-based glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has a synergetic electro-catalytic effect on CML oxidation due to its many active sites, enhanced surface area, fast charge transfer, and numerous defects. For the detection of CML, the suggested electrochemical sensor exhibits excellent selectivity, low limit of detection (LOD) as found 5.0 nM, wide linear ranges (0.02–8000 µM), and quick reaction times.
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Acknowledgements
J P is grateful of the research fellowship (Chem.-2021/RET-Ex./ March-21-term/ 37/240) that UGC has provided. R K G is thankful to BHU for providing Raja Jwala Prasad-PDF (No. R/SRICC/RJP-PDF/23-24/7396). Faculty IoE Incentive Grant: BHU is much appreciated for its financial support.
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JP: Designed and performed experiment, conceptualization, data interpretation, and wrote first draft; RKG: Statistical analysis, data interpretation; IT: arranged instrumentation facilities, supervision and finalized manuscript.
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Highlights
• A facile solvothermal process was proposed to fabricate CuTiO2 embedded on BN nanosheets.
• Modification of GCE with CuTiO2@BN provides a highly stable sensor material for electrochemical sensing of the anti-cancer drug chlorambucil.
• Broad calibration ranges from 0.02 µM to 8000 µM, and LOD is 5 nm observed.
• Good recovery was observed in real sample analysis using CuTiO2@BN/GCE.
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Prajapati, J., Gautam, R.K. & Tiwari, I. Copper-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated on 2D-hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets for susceptible electrochemical detection of an anti-cancer drug in environmental and biological samples. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33642-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33642-x