Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Seeking the adsorption of tetracycline in water by Fe-modified sludge biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The composite material SBC-Fe-x with sludge and Fe3+ was developed by different calcination temperatures (600, 700, and 800 °C) for the removal of tetracycline (TC). The adsorption rates of SBC-Fe-600, SBC-Fe-700, and SBC-Fe-800 were 77.5%, 89%, and 91%, respectively. Furthermore, the Langmuir model indicated that the maximum adsorption capacity of SBC-Fe-700 (157.93 mg/g) was three times greater than that of SBC-Fe-600. The conclusions were confirmed by a series of characterizations that SBC-Fe-700 showed a larger specific surface area, well-developed pore structure, rich oxygen-containing functional groups and a high degree of graphitization. The results of pH experiments indicated the broad applicability of SBC-Fe-700 for TC adsorption. In addition, SBC-Fe-700 suggested outstanding performance in different water environments. This work produced a feasible adsorbent for the removal of TC, and a new direction for sludge resource utilization was proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmed W, Mehmood S, Delgado AN, Ali S, Qaswar M, Khan ZH, Huang Y, Chen DY (2021) Utilization of Citrullus lanatus L. seeds to synthesize a novel MnFe2O4-biochar adsorbent for the removal of U(VI) from wastewater: insights and comparison between modified and raw biochar. Sci Total Environ 771:144955

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alothman ZA, AlMasoud N, Mbianda XY, Ali I (2022) Synthesis and characterization of γ-cyclodextrin-graphene oxide nanocomposite: sorption, kinetics, thermodynamics and simulation studies of tetracycline and chlortetracycline antibiotics removal in water. J Mol Liq 345:116993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bondarczuk K, Markowicz A, Seget ZP (2016) The urgent need for risk assessment on the antibiotic resistance spread via sewage sludge land application. Environ Int 87:49–55

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen B, Sun W, Wang C, Guo X (2017) Size-dependent impact of inorganic nanoparticles on sulfamethoxazole adsorption by carbon nanotubes. Chem Eng J 316:160–170

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Jing L, Teng Y, Wang J (2018b) Characterization of antibiotics in a large-scale river system of China: occurrence pattern, spatiotemporal distribution and environmental risks. Sci Total Environ 618:409–418

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen H, Gao B, Li H (2015) Removal of sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions by graphene oxide. J Hazard Mater 282:201–207

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen L, Ding D, Liu C, Cai H, Qu Y, Yang S, Gao Y, Cai T (2018a) Degradation of norfloxacin by CoFe2O4-GO composite coupled with peroxymonosulfate: A comparative study and mechanistic consideration. Chem Eng J 334:273–284

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xie P, Wang Z, Zhou A, Fang Z, Ma J (2018c) Efficient degradation of imipramine by iron oxychloride-activated peroxymonosulfate process. J Hazard Mater 353:18–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YQ, Liu YP, Zhang L, Xie PC, Wang ZP, Zhou AJ, Fang Z, Ma J (2018d) Efficient degradation of imipramine by iron oxychloride-activated peroxymonosulfate process. J Hazard Mater 353:18–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dai J, Meng X, Zhang Y, Huang Y (2020) Effects of modification and magnetization of rice straw derived biochar on adsorption of tetracycline from water. Bioresour Technol 311:123455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fan X, Qian Z, Liu J, Geng N, Hou J, Li D (2020) Investigation on the adsorption of antibiotics from water by metal loaded sewage sludge biochar. Water Sci Technol 83:739–750

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan XL, Zheng Q, Liu JQ, Geng N, Hou J, Li DD (2021) Investigation on the adsorption of antibiotics from water by metal loaded sewage sludge biochar. Water Sci Technol 83:739–750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foroutan R, Mohammadi R, Peighambardoust SJ, Jalali S, Ramavandi B (2020) Application of nano-silica particles generated from offshore white sandstone for cadmium ions elimination from aqueous media. Environ Technol Innov 19:101031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foroutan R, Peighambardoust SJ, Mohammadi R, Peighambardoust SH, Ramavandi B (2022) Cadmium ion removal from aqueous media using banana peel biochar/Fe3O4/ZIF-67. Environ Res 211:113020

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foroutan R, Peighambardoust SJ, Hemmati S, Ahmadi A, Falletta E, Ramavandi B, Bianchi CL (2021a) Zn2+ removal from the aqueous environment using a polydopamine/hydroxyapatite/Fe3O4 magnetic composite under ultrasonic waves. RSC Adv 11:27309–27321

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foroutan R, Peighambardoust SJ, Peighambardoust SH, Pateiro M, Lorenzo JM (2021b) Adsorption of crystal violet dye using activated carbon of lemon wood and activated Carbon/Fe3O4 magnetic nanocomposite from aqueous solutions: a kinetic, equilibrium and thermodynamic study. Molecules 26:2241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hao D, Song YX, Zhang Y, Fan HT (2021) Nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide with pure monoclinic-ZrO2 and pure tetragonal-ZrO2 for selective adsorptive removal of oxytetracycline. Appl Surf Sci 543:148810

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang BC, Jiang LY, Huang GX, Yu HQ (2018) Sludge biochar-based catalysts for improved pollutant degradation by activating peroxymonosulfate. J Mater Chem 19:8978–8985

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang W, Tang Y, Zhang X, Luo Z, Zhang J (2022) nZVI-biochar derived from Fe3O4-loaded rabbit manure for activation of peroxymonosulfate to degrade sulfamethoxazole. J Water Process Eng 45:102470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inyang MI, Gao B, Yao Y, Xue Y, Zimmerman A, Mosa A, Pullammanappallil P, Ok YS, Cao X (2016) A review of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavymetal removal. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 46:406–433

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ji J, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Wang H (2022) Mechanistic insights of removing pollutant in adsorption and advanced oxidation processes by sludge biochar. J Hazard Mater 430:128375

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Juela DM (2022) Promising adsorptive materials derived from agricultural and industrial wastes for antibiotic removal: a comprehensive review. Sep Purif Technol 284:120286

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang XD, Zhang QY, Liu XF, Song JB, Guo HL, Wang LP (2023) The interface mechanism of sludge biochar activating persulfate to remove tetracycline: the role of the C-O-Fe bridge at the carbon surface. J Clean Prod 384:135514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khurana P, Pulicharla R, Brar SK (2021) Antibiotic-metal complexes in wastewaters: fate and treatment trajectory. Environ Int 157:106863

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JE, Bhatia SK, Song HJ, Yoo E, Jeon HJ, Yoon JY, Yang Y, Gurav R, Yang YH, Kim HJ, Choi YK (2020) Adsorptive removal of tetracycline from aqueous solution by maple leaf-derived biochar. Bioresour Technol 306:123092

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawrinenko M, Jing D, Banik C, Laird DA (2017) Aluminumand iron biomass pretreatment impacts on biochar anion exchange capacity. Carbon 118:422–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Li SY, Jin LD, Zhen L, Xiang MH, Wang C, Wang WB, Zhang J, Li CY, Xie HJ (2022a) Activation of peroxymonosulfate by magnetic Fe3S4/biochar composites for the efficient degradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: synergistic effect and mechanism. J Environ Chem Eng 10:107085

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Li DY, Li SS, Liu JY, Deng HY, Xia DS (2023) Novel sludge-sugarcane bagasse mixed biochar as an efficient activator for peroxymonosulfate to degrade bisphenol AF. Chem Eng J 462:142114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Xia DS, Xu HM, Guan ZY, Li DY (2021b) Iron oxychloride coposite sludge-derived biochar for efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate to degrade organic pollutants in wastewater. J Clean Prod 329:129656

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li X, Xu J, Shi J, Luo X (2022b) Rapid and efficient adsorption of tetracycline from aqueous solution in a wide pH range by using iron and aminoacetic acid sequentially modified hierarchical porous biochar. Bioresour Technol 346:126672

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Shi S, Cao H, Cao R (2021a) Robust antifouling anion exchange membranes modified by graphene oxide (GO)-enhanced Co-deposition of tannic acid and polyethyleneimine. J Membrane Sci 625:119111

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu CQ, Li HM, Ni JQ, Zhuo GH, Chen W, Zheng YY, Zhen GY (2024) Effect of municipal sludge-based biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures on humification and oxytetracycline degradation of pig manure composting. Sci Total Environ 906:167816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Xu G, Li G (2021b) Preparation of porous biochar based on pharmaceutical sludge activated by NaOH and its application in the adsorption of tetracycline. J Colloid Interface Sci 587:271–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Lin H, Dong Y, He Y, Liu W, Shi Y (2021a) The effective adsorption of tetracycline onto MoS2@Zeolite-5: adsorption behavior and interfacial mechanism. J Environ Chem Eng 9:105912

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu S, Yin MY, Sun LT, Jiao Y, Zheng YQ, Yan LL (2023) Iron-loaded sludge biochar alleviates the inhibitory effect of tetracycline on anammox bacteria: Performance and mechanism. Chemosphere 333:138987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luo Q, Ren T, Lei Z, Huang Y, Huang Y, Xu D, Wan C, Guo X, Wu Y (2022) Non-toxic chitosan-based hydrogel with strong adsorption and sensitive detection abilities for tetracycline. Chem Eng J 427:131738

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Lu T, Yang L, Wu L, Li P, Tang J, Chen Y, Gao F, Cui S, Qi X, Zhang Z (2022) Efficient adsorptive removal of fluoroquinolone antibiotics from water by alkali and bimetallic salts co-hydrothermally modified sludge biochar. Environ Pollut 298:118833

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mian MM, Liu GJ (2020) Activation of peroxymonosulfate by chemically modified sludge biochar for the removal of organic pollutants: understanding the role of active sites and mechanism. Chem Eng J 392:123681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mian MM, Liu GJ, Fu B, Song Y (2019) Facile synthesis of sludge-derived MnOx-N-biochar as an efficient catalyst for peroxymonosulfate activation. Appl Catal B: Environ 255:117765

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohammadi T, Hosseini MG, Sorkhabi HA, Sefidi PY (2023) Investigating performance of flower-like CoCu-MOF supported on carbon felt as a binder-free anode electrode in direct ethanol fuel cell. Synth Met 298:117443

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrollahi N, Vatanpour V, Khataee A (2022) Removal of antibiotics from wastewaters by membrane technology: limitations, successes, and future improvements. Sci Total Environ 838:156010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ouyang D, Chen Y, Yan JC, Qian LB, Han L, Chen MF (2019) Activation mechanism of peroxymonosulfate by biochar for catalytic degradation of 1,4-dioxane: important role of biochar defect structures. Chem Eng J 370:614–624

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pan X, Fan X, Liang A, Zhang S, Wang W, Qu S, Li C (2021) Electron-rich CNTs modified FeOCl/Fe2O3 with improved Fenton catalytic performance. Compos Commun 27:100811

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pauletto PS, Lütke SF, Dotto GL, Salau NPG (2021) Adsorption mechanisms of single and simultaneous removal of pharmaceutical compounds onto activated carbon: Isotherm and thermodynamic modeling. J Mol Liq 336:116203

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peighambardoust SJ, Foroutan R, Peighambardoust SH, Khatooni H, Ramavandi B (2021) Decoration of Citrus Limon wood carbon with Fe3O4 to enhanced Cd2+ removal: a reclaimable and magnetic nanocomposite. Chemosphere 282:131088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Said B, Bacha O, Rahmani Y, Harfouche N, Kheniche H, Zerrouki D, Belkhalfa H, Henni A (2023) Activated carbon prepared by hydrothermal pretreatment-assisted chemical activation of date seeds for supercapacitor application. Inorg Chem Commun 155:111012

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Saremi F, Miroliaei MR, Shahabi NM, Sheibani H (2020) Adsorption of tetracycline antibiotic from aqueous solutions onto vitamin B6-upgraded biochar derived from date palm leaves. J Mol Liq 318:114126

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen MX, Huang ZJ, Luo XW, Ma YJ, Chen CY, Chen X, Cui LH (2020a) Activation of persulfate for tetracycline degradation using the catalyst regenerated from Fenton sludge containing heavy metal: synergistic effect of Cu for catalysis. Chem Eng J 396:125238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shen Q, Wang Z, Yu Q, Cheng Y, Liu Z, Zhang T, Zhou S (2020b) Removal of tetracycline from an aqueous solution using manganese dioxide modified biochar derived from chinese herbal medicine residues. Environ Res 183:109195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi Q, Guo S, Tang J, Lyu H, Ri C, Sun H (2023) Enhanced removal of aged and differently functionalized polystyrene nanoplastics using ball-milled magnetic pinewood biochars. Environ Pollut 316:120696

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Song YX, Chen S, You N, Fan HT (2020) Nanocomposites of zero-valent Iron@Activated carbon derived from corn stalk for adsorptive removal of tetracycline antibiotics. Chemosphere 255:126917

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tang DQ, Li JH, Yang ZM, Jiang XQ, Huang LS, Guo XY, Li YQ, Zhu JG, Sun XS (2022) Fabrication and mechanism exploration of oxygen-incorporated 1T-MoS2 with high adsorption performance on methylene blue. Chem Eng J 428:130954

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang H, Zhong DJ, Xu YL, Chang HX, Shen HY, Xu CZ, Mou JX, Zhong NB (2022) Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution by nano- zero-valent iron supported by KOH activated sludge-based biochar. Colloid Surface A 651:129697

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Q, Jia W, Yang LS, Cui HS, Zeng TJ, Huang J (2023) Exploration on the role of different iron species in the remediation of As and Cd co-contamination by sewage sludge biochar. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 30:39154–39168

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wei J, Liu Y, Li J, Zhu Y, Yu H, Peng Y (2019) Adsorption and co-adsorption of tetracycline and doxycycline by onestep synthesized iron loaded sludge biochar. Chemosphere 236:124254

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu JW, Wang T, Wang JW, Zhang YS, Pan WP (2021) A novel modified method for the efficient removal of Pb and Cd from wastewater by biochar: enhanced the ion exchange and precipitation capacity. Sci Total Environ 754:142150

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Zhang Y, Li B, Fan S, Xu H, Guan DX (2022) Improved adsorption properties of tetracycline on KOH/KMnO4 modified biochar derived from wheat straw. Chemosphere 296:133981

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yan L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liu S, Wang C, Chen W, Liu C, Chen Z, Zhang Y (2020) ZnCl2 modified biochar derived from aerobic granular sludge for developed microporosity and enhanced adsorption to tetracycline. Bioresour Technol 297:122381

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F, Zhang SS, Cao DW, Du Q, Song JP, Tsang DCW (2019) Porous biochar composite assembled with ternary needle-like iron-manganese-sulphur hybrids for high-efficiency lead removal. Bioresour Technol 272:415–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang XJ, Xu XM, Xu J, Han YF (2013) Iron oxychloride (FeOCl): an efficient Fenton-like catalyst for producing hydroxyl radicals in degradation of organic contaminants. J Am Chem Soc 135:16058–16061

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Z, Xing R, Zhou W, Zhu L (2020) Adsorption characteristics of ciprofloxacin onto g-MoS2 coated biochar nanocomposites. Front Environ Sci Eng 14:41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yi Y, Wang X, Ma J, Ning P (2021) Fe(III) modified Egeria najas driven-biochar for highly improved reduction and adsorption performance of Cr(VI). Powder Technol 388:485–495

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • You N, Chen S, Wang Y, Fan HT, Sun LN, Sun T (2020) In situ sampling of tetracycline antibiotics in culture wastewater using diffusive gradients in thin films equipped with graphene nanoplatelets. Environ Res 191:110089

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • You N, Yao H, Wang Y, Fan HT, Wang CS, Sun T (2019) Development and evaluation of diffusive gradients in thin films based on nano-sized zinc oxide particles for the in situ sampling of tetracyclines in pig breeding wastewater. Sci Total Environ 651:1653–1660

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yu K, Ahmed I, Won D, Lee WI, Ahn W (2020) Highly efficient adsorptive removal of sulfamethoxazole from aqueous solutions by porphyrinic MOF-525 and MOF-545. Chemosphere 250:126133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang K, Sun P, Faye MCAS, Zhang Y (2018) Characterization of biochar derived from rice husks and its potential in chlorobenzene degradation. Carbon 130:730–740

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Zhao BW, Liu H, Zhao Y, Li LJ (2022) Effects of pyrolysis temperature on biochar’s characteristics and speciation and environmental risks of heavy metals in sewage sludge biochars. Environ Technol Innov 26:102288

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang YZ, He R, Zhao J (2023) Removal mechanism of tetracycline-Cr(VI) combined pollutants by different S-doped sludge biochars: Role of environmentally persistent free radicals. Chemosphere 317:137856

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Z, Yu H, Zhu R, Zhang X, Yan L (2020) Phosphate adsorption performance and mechanisms by nanoporous biochar–iron oxides from aqueous solutions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:28132–28145

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong Q, Lin Q, He W, Fu H, Huang Z, Wang Y, Wu L (2021) Study on the nonradical pathways of nitrogen-doped biochar activating persulfate for tetracycline degradation. Sep Purif Technol 276:119354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zou SJ, Chen YF, Zhang Y, Wang XF, You N, Fan HT (2021) A hybrid sorbent of α-iron oxide/reduced graphene oxide: studies for adsorptive removal of tetracycline antibiotics. J Alloys Compd 863:158475

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo S, Guan Z, Xia D, Yang F, Xu H, Huang M, Li D (2021) Polarized heterogeneous CuO-CN for peroxymonosulfate nonradical activation: an enhancement mechanism of mediated electron transfer. Chem Eng J 420:127619

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Availability of data and materials

The experimental data are the results of the authors' experiments. The experimental data were obtained after repeated experiments. The experimental data are of a scientific and practical nature. We would like to declare on behalf of my co-authors that the work described was original research that has not been published previously, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, in whole or in part.

Funding

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U1904174), the Natural Science Youth Foundation of Henan Province (No. 242300421437), Major Science and Technology Special Project of Pingdingshan (2022ZD002). Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province (No. 222102520021, No. 232102321035), Training Program for Young Backbone Teachers at Universities in Henan Province (No. 2023GGJS140), Science and Technology Research Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (GJJ2200823), Zhongyuan Yingcai Jihua (No. ZYYCYU202012183), Academic Leader of Henan Institute of Urban Construction (No. YCJXSJSDTR202204).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan University of Urban Construction, Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Pingdingshan, 467000, People’s Republic of China

    Hanyu Jin, Zhongxian Song, Yanli Mao, Zhenzhen Huang, Haiyan Kang, Xu Yan, Jiajing Xing & Yongle Wu

  2. School of Civil and Surveying Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People’s Republic of China

    Hanyu Jin & Qun Yan

  3. Faculty of Innovation and Design, City University of Macao, Macao, 999078, People’s Republic of China

    Yulong Luo

Authors
  1. Hanyu Jin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Zhongxian Song
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yulong Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yanli Mao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Qun Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Zhenzhen Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Haiyan Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xu Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jiajing Xing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Yongle Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Hanyu Jin: data curation, writing—original draft. zhongxian song: data curation, conceptualization, investigation. Yulong Luo: funding acquisition, methodology, formal analysis. Yanli Mao: software, methodology. Qun Yan: data curation, software. Zhenzhen Huang: software, resources. Haiyan Kang: resources. Xu Yan: methodology. Jiajing Xing: software, methodology. Yongle Wu: data curation, software.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Yanli Mao.

Ethics declarations

All authors are aware of the submission of this article. The articles do not involve human participants and/or animal studies.

Ethical approval

The articles do not involve human participants and/or animal studies.

Consent to participate

All authors of the article agree to participate in the journal submission.

Consent for publication

All the authors listed have approved the manuscript that is enclosed.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Tito Roberto Cadaval Jr

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jin, H., Song, Z., Luo, Y. et al. Seeking the adsorption of tetracycline in water by Fe-modified sludge biochar at different pyrolysis temperatures. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33631-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33631-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation