Abstract
The Orne River, a tributary of the Moselle River, was highly impacted by industrial activities for more than one century. Land use along the Orne River is highly contrasted, with local specificity from its source to its junction with the Moselle River. The intense industrial activity left behind tons of steelmaking wastes (SMW) on the land surface and within the Orne riverbed. To assess the sources of particulate Zn and Pb transported as suspended sediment in the Orne River, different sets of samples from likely Zn- and Pb-bearing particle sources within the Orne watershed were collected. Three sets of samples were taken from potential sources representing detrital, urban, and inherited industrial particles. Mineralogy, element contents, and Zn and Pb isotope compositions were obtained to characterize and reveal the fingerprint of each set of samples. Soil samples were collected on distinct geomorphological areas characterized by different soil types and land uses. They all display detrital minerals assigned to the geological background. Urban dusts and steelmaking residues display specific mineral phases (sulfates and iron oxides, respectively). Element compositions present strong discrepancies between the distinct sets of samples. SMWs are particularly enriched in Fe, Zn, and Pb. Concerning isotopic composition, SMWs exhibit δ66Zn values ranging from − 0.67 to 1.66‰. Urban samples display δ66Zn values between − 0.11 and 0.13‰, and soils present δ66Zn values between − 0.24 and 0.47‰. The 206Pb/204Pb ratio was estimated to range from 17.550 to 18.807 for soils, from 17.973 to 18.219 for urban samples, and from 18.313 to 18.826 for SMWs. For each of the three sets of samples (soils, urban, industrial), variations of geochemical fingerprint were observed. For soils, the relatively large variations of Zn and Pb isotopic compositions were attributed to distinct land use and the contribution of atmospheric deposition. For industrial samples, the variations were more intense and may be attributed either to distinct industrial processes in the production of pig iron or to distinct furnace-flume treatment modes. The three sets of samples (urban, industrial, and detrital) could be distinguished based on Zn and Pb contents and isotopes. Finally, this study not only highlighted the sources that released particulate Zn and Pb into the Orne River system, it also demonstrated that urban particles are well defined in terms of Zn and Pb isotopic signatures, and those isotopic signatures could be extrapolated to other case studies.
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The data used in this publication is available as six independent data set on ORDAR data repository. Other materials are available on supplementary information.
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Acknowledgements
We would also like to thank l’Observatoire Terre et environnement de Lorraine (OTELO). A special thanks to the Joeuf’s WWTP for sampling access, and Damien Cividini and Aimeryc Schumacher for the help with the clean room and MC-ICPMS operations.
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This work was financially supported by the RZA-eLTER, the Region Lorraine through the Research network Zone Atelier Moselle (ZAM), and the Rhine-Meuse Water Agency. Ayoub Khelili thanks the Region Grand-Est and the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation (MESRI) for the salary.
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Ayoub Khelili, Christophe Cloquet, Anne Poszwa, Laurence Mansuy-Huault, and Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Ayoub Khelili, Christophe Cloquet, Shuofei Dong, Anne Poszwa, Laurence Mansuy-Huault, Victor Muel, Renaud Gley, Christophe Gauthier, Fabrice Fraysse, and Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ayoub Khelili, Christophe Cloquet, and Emmanuelle Montargès-Pelletier. All authors commented on each version of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Khelili, A., Cloquet, C., Dong, S. et al. Assessment of particulate Zn and Pb sources in the Orne watershed (Northeast France) using geochemical tools. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33600-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33600-7