Abstract
Daphnia spinulata Birabén, 1917 is an endemic cladoceran species, frequent in the zooplankton communities of the shallow lakes of the Pampean region of Argentina. These lakes have varying salinity levels and, being located in agricultural areas, are frequently subject to pesticide pollution. This study aimed to determine the effects of the herbicide glyphosate (Panzer Gold®) in combination with different salinity levels on the biological parameters of D. spinulata and its recovery ability after a short exposure. Three types of assays were performed: an acute toxicity test, a chronic assessment to determine survival, growth and reproduction, and recovery assays under optimal salinity conditions (1 g L−1). The LC50-48 h of glyphosate was 7.5 mg L−1 (CL 3.15 to 11.72). Longevity and the number of offspring and clutches were significantly reduced due to the combined exposure of glyphosate and increased salinity. The timing of the first offspring did not recover after glyphosate exposure. Our results reveal that D. spinulata is sensitive to the herbicide Panzer Gold® at concentrations well below those indicated in the safety data sheet of this commercial formulation, which causes stronger negative effects in conditions of higher salinity. Further research is needed to shed light on the sensitivity of this cladoceran to glyphosate and its variability under other interactive stress factors.
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Acknowledgements
Betsabé Lares is a fellowship holder of the CONICET, which funds her postdoctoral studies. We thank Valentina Giacomino for her help with the preparation of the solutions and Gwion Rhun Elis-Williams for his kind assistance with the English revision. We thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
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This work was supported by PI 2021 N◦ 38 (Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas-Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales-Universidad Nacional de La Pampa).
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All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Betsabé Ailén Lares made the formal writing, statistical analyses, and preparation of the original draft. Santiago Andrés Echaniz and María Florencia Gutierrez participated in the writing process and figures. Betsabé Ailén Lares, Alicia María Vignatti, and Gabriela Cecilia Cabrera performed the experimental set-up and Florencia Cora Jofré performed the preparation of the glyphosate formulations. All authors reviewed and agreed with the present version of the manuscript. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Lares, B.A., Vignatti, A.M., Echaniz, S.A. et al. Sensitivity of Daphnia spinulata Birabén, 1917 to glyphosate at different salinity levels. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33586-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33586-2