Abstract
The dangerous chemical elements associated with nanoparticles (NPs) and ultra-fine sediment particles in hydrological bays have the capacity to move contaminants to large oceanic regions. The general objective of this study is to quantify the major chemical elements present in NPs and ultra-fine particles in aquatic sediments sampled from Guanabara Bay and compare these data to values determined through spectral optics using the Sentinel-3B Satellite OLCI (Ocean Land Color Instrument) during the winter and summer seasons of 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. This is done to highlight the impacts anthropogenic environmental hazards have on the marine ecosystem and human beings. Ten aquatic sediment field collection points were selected by triangulated irregular network (TIN). Samples were subjected to analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which enabled a detailed analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Geospatial analyses using Sentinel-3B OLCI Satellite images considered Water Full Resolution (WFR) at 300 m resolution, in neural network (NN), normalized at 0.83 µg/mg. A maximum average spectral error of 6.62% was utilized for the identification of the levels of Absorption Coefficient of Detritus and Gelbstoff (ADG443_NN) at 443 m−1, Chlorophyll-a (CHL_NN) (m−3), and Total Suspended Matter (TSM_NN) (g m−3) at 581 sample points. The results showed high levels of ADG443_NN, with average values as high as of 4444 m−1 (summer 2021). When related to the analyses of nanoparticulate sediments and ultrafine particles collected in the field, they showed the presence of major chemical elements such as Ge, As, Cr, and others, highly toxic to human health and the aquatic environment. The application of satellite and terrestrial surveys proved to be efficient, in addition to the possibility of this study being applied to other hydrological systems on a global scale.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to the European Space Agency (ESA) and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for providing the unpublished and treated images from the Sentinel-3B SYN satellite. The NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) for the provision of the HYSPLIT transport and dispersion model and/or READY website (http://www.ready.noaa.gov) used in this publication. We also wish to thank the Center for Studies and Research on Urban Mobility (NEPMOUR+S/ATITUS), Brazil; Fundação Meridional, Brazil; the Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre) (https://www.aircentre.org/Scholarship/), Portugal and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil. Thanks to the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for financial support, in addition to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS).
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This study was funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) and Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES).
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Alex Castro and Laércio Stolfo Maculan: conceptualization, funding acquisition; Jennifer Domeneghini and Emanuelle Goellner: final manuscript writing; Alcindo Neckel, Brian William Bodah, and Luis F. O. Silva: review and editing.
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Castro, A., Bodah, B.W., Neckel, A. et al. Nanoparticles in terrestrial sediments and the behavior of the spectral optics of Sentinel-3B OLCI Satellite images in a river basin of UNESCO World Cultural and Natural Heritage. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 28040–28061 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33033-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33033-2