Abstract
As excellent crystalline materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are widely used in drug adsorption. In this work, a defective engineering strategy was proposed for designing and preparing the functionalized end-capping monomer and missing-linker COFs. The missing-linker COF 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzene-1,3,5-tricarbaldehyde compound with glycidyltrimethyl ammonium chloride modified benzene-1,4-diamine (TpPa-GTA) was synthesized through Schiff base reaction with wide pore size distribution for adsorption of four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The adsorption process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the four drugs reached adsorption equilibrium within 10 min. The sunflower-like structure helps to promote intraparticle diffusion during the adsorption process, thereby realizing the rapid adsorption of TpPa-GTA. The equilibrium isotherms fit well with both the Freundlich and Langmuir models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 83.3–315 mg g−1 calculated from the Langmuir model. Based on the detection results of Zeta potential and XPS, the adsorption mechanism was inferred, and the rapid capture of NSAIDs in the wide pH range of 4.0 to 7.5 was realized under electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interaction. The detection of lake and river samples using the missing adapter TpPa-GTA has a recovery rate of 84.2–117%, which provides a new approach to the adsorption of pollutants with COFs.
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The authors declare that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the paper and its Supplementary Information files. Should any raw data files be needed they are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Tianjin Graduate Student Research and Innovation Project (2022SKY056). The author extends a special acknowledgement to the researchers from the Analytical and Testing Center of Tianjin University for their help in the characterization and evaluation of the materials. They are Dr. Guosheng Ding for NMR characterization and analysis, Yi Wang for extraction condition optimization, Kui Lin for XPS and TEM characterization, Dr. Haiyan Du and Dr. Xiaoxia Hu for PXRD characterization, and Dr. Shuo Yang for SEM characterization.
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Xindi Li: writing—original draft, data curation, investigation, conceptualization, methodology. Xiaojuan Deng: conceptualization, investigation, writing—review, resources. Lei Chen: writing—review and editing, supervision, project administration.
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Li, X., Deng, X. & Chen, L. Sunflower-like missing-linker covalent organic framework for efficient extraction of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 16601–16612 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32312-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32312-2