Abstract
The resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste, especially the high-value transformation of low-grade phosphate rock and derivatives, is an important way to achieve sustainable development. This study focuses on the impregnation and co-pyrolysis of rice straw (RS) with fused calcium magnesium phosphate (FMP), FMP modified with citric acid (CA-FMP), and calcium dihydrogen phosphate (MCP) to produce three phosphorous-enriched biochars (PBC). The Cd(II) removal efficiency of biochars before and after phosphorus modification was investigated, along with the adsorption mechanism and contribution of biochars modified with different phosphorus sources to Cd(II) adsorption. The result indicated that CA-FMP and MCP could be more uniformly loaded onto biochar, effectively increasing the specific surface area (SSA) and total pore volume. The adsorption of Cd(II) onto PBC followed a mono-layer chemisorption process accompanied by intraparticle diffusion. The adsorption of Cd(II) by PBC involved ion exchange, mineral precipitation, complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups (OFGs), cation-π interaction, electrostatic interaction, and physical adsorption. Ion exchange was identified as the primary adsorption mechanism for Cd(II) by BC and FBC (51.53% and 53.15% respectively), while mineral precipitation played a major role in the adsorption of Cd(II) by CBC and MBC (51.10% and 47.98% respectively). Moreover, CBC and MBC significantly enhanced the adsorption capacity of Cd(II), with maximum adsorption amounts of 128.1 and 111.5 mg g−1 respectively.
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The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.
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This study was supported by the Chongqing Graduate Scientific Research Innovation Project (CYB22212).
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Yang Zeng (first author): conceptualization, methodology, software, investigation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft. Yuhan Lin: data curation—original draft. Ming Ma: visualization and writing—review and editing. Hong Chen (corresponding author): conceptualization, funding acquisition, resources, supervision, and writing—review and editing. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Zeng, Y., Lin, Y., Ma, M. et al. Adsorption effect and mechanism of Cd(II) by different phosphorus-enriched biochars. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 16642–16652 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32308-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32308-y