Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread contaminants stemming from various industrial and consumer products, posing a grave threat to both human health and ecosystems. PFAS contamination arises from multiple sources, including industrial effluents, packaging, and product manufacturing, accumulating in plants and impacting the food chain. Elevated PFAS levels in water bodies pose significant risks to human consumption. This review focuses on PFAS-induced neurological effects, highlighting disrupted dopamine signalling and structural neuron changes in humans. Animal studies reveal apoptosis and hippocampus dysfunction, resulting in memory loss and spatial learning issues. The review introduces the BKMR model, a machine learning technique, to decipher intricate PFAS-neurotoxicity relationships. Epidemiological data underscores the vulnerability of young brains to PFAS exposure, necessitating further research. Stricter regulations, industry monitoring, and responsible waste management are crucial steps to reduce PFAS exposure.
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Copyright 2022, Elsevier. Reprinted with permission from (Spratlen et al. 2020)
Copyright 2022, Elsevier. Reprinted with permission from (Spratlen et al. 2020)
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Abbreviations
- PFAS:
-
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
- PFNA :
-
Perflurononaoic acid
- PFOA:
-
Perfluorooctanic acid
- PFBS :
-
Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid substances
- PFHxS :
-
Perfluorohexane sulfonic substances
- PFOS :
-
Perfluorooctane sulfonic
- PFHxA:
-
Perfluoroheaxonic acid
- PTFE:
-
Polytetrafluoroethylene
- PFDA:
-
Perfluorodecanoic acid
- PFTrDA:
-
Perfluorotridecanoic acid
- PFUdA.:
-
Perfluoroundecanoic acid
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
- AFFF:
-
Aqueous film-forming foam
- MLP :
-
Multi-layer packaging
- USEPA :
-
US Environmental Protection Agency
- PRD :
-
Pearl River Delta
- BKMR :
-
Bayesian kernel machine regression
- CBCL:
-
Child Behavior Checklist
- PAH:
-
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- TH:
-
Tyrosine hydroxylase
- DAT:
-
Dopamine transporter
- MWM:
-
Morris water maze
- ADHD:
-
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. C.P. Ramanarayanan, Vice-Chancellor, DIAT (Pune), for the support. The first author acknowledges, Prof. (Dr.) Uday Annapure, Director, ICT Mumbai Marathwada Campus, Jalna, Maharashtra. The authors are also thoughtful to Ms. Niranjana J.P., Mr. Jigar Patadiya, Ms. Alsha Subash, and Ms. Shruti Gupta for their unwavering technical support throughout this review.
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MN contributed in material preparation, data collection analysis, and writing of the article. NM contributed to material preparation and writing. BK made substantial contribution to conceptualization and discussion and reviewed the manuscript before submission.
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Nannaware, M., Mayilswamy, N. & Kandasubramanian, B. PFAS: exploration of neurotoxicity and environmental impact. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 12815–12831 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32082-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32082-x