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Smoke-water obtained via different biotics: a cost-effective and safer approach to biochemically sound banana ripening with prolonged shelf-life

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Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of smoke-water obtained from biotics, for example coconut shells, rice husk, and pine cones on banana ripening, and compared with calcium carbide. Bio-chemical composition and remarkable bactericidal effect towards ATCC cultures of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus discovered the biological safety of the smoke-water in all collected smoke-water samples. Further, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was carried out to investigate heavy metals; however, no traces were found in all collected samples. Consequently, it is proposed that heavy metal-free smoke-water obtained from various biotics series might be employed as ultrasafe fruit ripening as compared to calcium carbide (CaC2) that was found with heavy metal traces.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Physical and Standards Lab, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad, H-9, Pakistan

    Sana Siddiq, Fatima Bibi, Razia Kalsoom & Fouzia Hussain

  2. Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), 1-Constitution Avenue, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Naseem Rauf, Tahir S. S. Malik & Muhammad Farooq

Authors
  1. Sana Siddiq
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  2. Naseem Rauf
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  3. Fatima Bibi
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  4. Tahir S. S. Malik
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  5. Razia Kalsoom
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  6. Fouzia Hussain
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  7. Muhammad Farooq
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Contributions

Sana Siddiq: synthesis, laboratory experiments, and initial draft preparation.

Naseem Rauf: project designing, provision of research facilities, supervision, final draft preparation.

Fatima Bibi: laboratory experiments and initial draft preparation.

S. S. Tahir: co-supervision, provision of research facilities, final draft revision.

Razia Kalsoom: laboratory experiments and assistance in initial draft preparation.

Fouzia Hussain: laboratory experiments and assistance in initial draft preparation.

Muhammad Farooq: final draft preparation and correspondence.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Naseem Rauf.

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Siddiq, S., Rauf, N., Bibi, F. et al. Smoke-water obtained via different biotics: a cost-effective and safer approach to biochemically sound banana ripening with prolonged shelf-life. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 14971–14979 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32042-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32042-5

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