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The effect of crystal structure of MnO2 electrode on DMAC removal: degradation performance, mechanism, and application evaluation

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Abstract

The crystal structure has a significant impact on the electrochemical properties of electrode material, and thus influences the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. In this work, α-, β-, and γ-MnO2 electrodes were fabricated and applied for investigating the effect of crystal structure on electro-oxidation treatment of N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) containing wastewater. The prepared MnO2 electrodes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, suggesting that different crystal structures of MnO2 electrodes with the same morphology of stacking-needle structure were successfully prepared. The electrochemical performances, including removal efficiencies of DMAC, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN), and energy consumption, were compared between different MnO2 electrodes. Results indicated that β-MnO2 electrode presented the excellent electrochemical activity, and could remove 93% DMAC, 62% COD, and 78.9% TN, which was much higher than that of α- and γ-MnO2; moreover, energy consumptions of 11.3, 9.7, and 10.5 kWh/m3 were calculated for α-, β-, and γ-MnO2, respectively. Additionally, the oxidation mechanism of the MnO2 electrodes was presented, indicating that DMAC was mainly oxidized by hydroxyl radical through reactions of hydroxylation, demethylation, and deamination, and electrode characteristics of specific surface area, oxygen evolution potential, and hydroxyl radical production were the key factors for degrading DMAC on MnO2 electrodes. Finally, an actual DMAC containing wastewater was applied for testing the electrochemical performance of the three electrodes, and β-MnO2 electrode was verified as the suitable electrode for potential application which achieved removal efficiencies of 100%, 64.5%, and 73% for DMAC, COD, and TN, respectively, after system optimization.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22011530015), the National Primary Research & Development Plan of China (2018YFE0120300), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (LTGS24B070006), Zhejiang Provincial Education Department General Program (Y202351887), and Zhejiang Shuren University Talent Introduction Project (2019R023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Liyong Hu & Minghao Liu

  2. Shaoxing Research Institute of Zhejiang University of Technology, Shaoxing, 312000, China

    Liyong Hu

  3. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China

    Wu Zhou

  4. Zhejiang Zone King Environmental Sci & Tech Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310014, China

    Minghao Liu

  5. College of Life Science, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China

    Guanghua Xia

  6. Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China

    Jun Chen & Jiachao Yao

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  1. Liyong Hu
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  2. Wu Zhou
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  3. Minghao Liu
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  4. Guanghua Xia
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Contributions

Liyong Hu: formal analysis, investigation & writing;

Wu Zhou: formal analysis & investigation;

Minghao Liu: validation & data curation;

Guanghua Xia: validation & data curation;

Jun Chen: resources, review & methodology;

Jiachao Yao: resources, writing & review.

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Correspondence to Jiachao Yao.

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Hu, L., Zhou, W., Liu, M. et al. The effect of crystal structure of MnO2 electrode on DMAC removal: degradation performance, mechanism, and application evaluation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 13175–13184 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32005-w

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