Abstract
The Tunisian Lebna dam sediment was utilized to create the zeolite faujasite type Na-X. The aim of this investigation is to optimize the yield of Na-X zeolite using alkaline fusion hydrothermal treatment. Taguchi orthogonal array design was employed with nine trials to explore operating parameters including fusion temperature and time, activator type, and sediment type. The efficiency of alkaline fusion was evaluated using acid solubility. After dissolving the optimal alkali-fused sample in water, the Box–Behnken plan was used to identify the influence of L/S ratio, crystallization temperature, and time on zeolite Na-X yield. Rietveld analysis identified the mineral phases in the sediment as quartz (82.0%), calcite (8.8%), kaolinite (6.0), and illite (1.2%). With a NaOH activator, 850 °C fusion temperature for 30 min, 15 L/S ratio, and 75 °C crystallization temperature for 4 days, highly crystalline zeolite Na-X was created. FTIR, TGA, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm, and X-ray diffraction were used to thoroughly describe this sample. The findings reveal the substantial zeolitization potential of the raw Lebna dam sediment, resulting in a high yield of zeolite Na-X.
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Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully recognize the support that was provided by the Laboratory of Advanced Materials (LAMA) at the University of Sfax, Tunisia, and the Northern Analytical Lab Services (NALS) at the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Canada, for the instrumentation’s facility and analysis.
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Leila Doudey: conceptualization, doing experiments, analysis, and writing original draft. Basma Samet: conceptualization, software, validation, and writing—review and editing. Hassib Tounsi: supervision, conceptualization, formal analysis, visualization, and writing—review and editing. Hossein Kazemian: supervision, formal analysis, and writing—review and editing.
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Doudey, L., Samet, B., Tounsi, H. et al. Unlocking the potential of Tunisian dam sediment: optimizing zeolite X synthesis via Taguchi and Box–Behnken methods for sustainable resource recovery and versatile applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 14574–14592 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31944-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31944-8