Abstract
The oxidation characteristics and spontaneous combustion (SC) tendency of raw long-flame coal (RC), water-soaked 200-day coal (S200), pre-oxidized water-soaked coal at 200 °C (O200S200), and pre-oxidized soaked coal at 300 °C (O300S200) in an oxygen-poor environment were investigated using a programmed warming system. The results show that pre-oxidation water-soaked treatment (PWT) promotes the coal-oxygen complex reaction and increases the rate of coal oxygen consumption (OCR) and the rate of carbon and oxygen compound production. The rate of CO and CO2 production of the water-soaked (WS) coal increased by 0.329 mol·(cm3·s)−1 and 0.922 mol·(cm3·s)−1, respectively, compared with that of the original coal sample. PWT reduces the activation energy of coal in the low-temperature oxidation stage (the maximum difference can be up to 110.99 kJ/mol) and enhances the oxidizing and heat-releasing capacity. There was a synergistic effect between the pre-oxidation (PO) and WS treatment, and the lowest comprehensive determination index of the SC propensity of coal in O200S200 samples was 831.92 which was 4.72 lower than that of RC samples, presenting a more SC tendency. Low oxygen concentration has an inhibitory effect on the oxidation characteristic parameters of coal, and the apparent activation energy of the low-temperature oxidation stage of pre-oxidized water-soaked coal (PWC) increased to 206.418 kJ/mol at 3% oxygen concentration. The lower the oxygen concentration of the anoxic environment, the lower the risk of SC of the coal samples. The results of the study can provide theoretical guidance for the identification and prevention of SC disasters in coal seams with shallow burial and close spacing.
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Abbreviations
- SC:
-
Spontaneous combustion
- RC:
-
Raw long-flame coal
- S200 :
-
Water-soaked 200-day coal
- O200S300 :
-
Pre-oxidized water-soaked at 200 °C coal
- O300S300 :
-
Pre-oxidized water-soaked at 200 °C coal
- OC:
-
Oxygen concentration
- PWT:
-
Pre-oxidation water-soaked treatment
- OCR:
-
The rate of coal oxygen consumption
- WS:
-
Water-soaked
- PO:
-
Pre-oxidation
- PWC:
-
Pre-oxidized water-soaked coal
- SOCR:
-
The standard oxygen consumption rate
- Mad:
-
Moisture (%)
- Aad:
-
Ash content (%)
- Vad:
-
Volatile (%)
- \({v}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}(T)\) :
-
Oxygen consumption rate [mol·(cm3·s)−1]
- Q :
-
The dry air flow rate
- VC:
-
The volume of the coal sample, cm3
- \({C}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}^{1}\) :
-
Oxygen concentration at the inlet (%)
- \({C}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}^{2}\) :
-
Oxygen concentration at the outlet (%)
- S :
-
Cross-sectional area of the reactor (cm2)
- L :
-
Height of the reactor (cm)
- \({v}_{\text{CO}}(T)\) :
-
CO production rate [mol·(cm3·s)−1]
- \({v}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}(T)\) :
-
CO2 production rate [mol·(cm3·s)−1]
- \({C}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}^{1}\) :
-
Concentrations of CO2 in the inlet (%)
- \({C}_{{\text{CO}}_{2}}^{2}\) :
-
Concentrations of CO2 in the outlet (%)
- \({C}_{\text{CO}}^{1}\) :
-
Concentrations of CO in the inlet (%)
- \({C}_{\text{CO}}^{2}\) :
-
Concentrations of CO in the outlet (%)
- \({C}_{{\text{CO}}_{\text{out}}}\) :
-
Concentration of CO at the outlet (%)
- R :
-
Molar gas constant [8.314 J·(mol·K)−1]
- E :
-
Activation energy (J/mol)
- A :
-
Pre-exponential factor
- n :
-
Reflection series
- m :
-
Reflecting stoichiometry
- k :
-
Unit conversion factor (22.4 × 109)
- \({v}_{\text{g}}\) :
-
Airflow velocity (m3·s−1)
- \({I}_{{\text{C}}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}}\) :
-
The index of O2 volume fraction at the outlet of coal sample tank at 70 °C
- \({C}_{{\text{O}}_{2}}\) :
-
The volume fraction of O2 volume fraction at the outlet of coal sample tank at 70 °C, %
- \({I}_{{T}_{\text{cpt}}}\) :
-
The index of crossover temperature under the programmed heating condition
- \({T}_{\text{cpt}}\) :
-
The crossover temperature of sample under the programmed heating condition (°C)
- I :
-
The index of SC tendency of coal
- \(\varphi_{C_{0_2}}\) :
-
The weight of low-temperature oxidation stage
- \(\varphi_{T_{cpt}}\) :
-
The weight of rapid oxidation stage
- Φ:
-
The amplification factor
- T :
-
Temperature (°C)
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The authors were financially supported by the research funding provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 52174163, 51874131, and 51474106).
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Hui-yong Niu: conceptualization, funding acquisition, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. Xi Yang: conceptualization, writing—original draft; Qing-qing Sun: writing—review and editing. Siwei Sun: conceptualization, writing—review and editing. Haiyan Wang: visualization; Xiaodong Yu: writing—original draft.
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Highlights
• Gas release characteristics and oxygen consumption properties of long flame coal treated with pre-oxidized water-soaked treatment at different oxygen concentrations.
• Pre-oxidation and long-term water-soaked treatment affects the activation energy and spontaneous combustion tendency of coal.
• Synergistic influence system of oxygen concentration and pre-oxidized and water-soaked treatment was proposed.
• The oxidation characteristics and spontaneous combustion tendency of pre-oxidized water-soaked coal under different oxygen concentrations was revealed.
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Niu, Hy., Yang, X., Sun, Qq. et al. Study on the oxidized gas production characteristics and spontaneous combustion tendency of pre-oxidized water-soaked coal in lean-oxygen environments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 11647–11665 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31803-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31803-y