Abstract
Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis is a valuable osmeroid species for inland fishery in Japan. It is classified into two ecological forms of amphidromous migrating between rivers and sea and landlocked migrating between rivers and lakes or dam reservoirs. The number of dams and their reservoirs has remarkably increased in the twenty-first century under climate change, because of their respective roles in hydropower generation with negligible carbon emissions and in flood control. Dam reservoirs therefore become increasingly important as inland nursery grounds of ayu. In this study, we investigated the reproduction status of landlocked ayu migrating in the Haidzuka Dam reservoir and the Tabusa River in western Japan by molecular phylogenetic analysis based on population structure and demographic history for year cohort dynamics. A total of 849 individuals were collected monthly from October 2018 to September 2021 according to an annual life cycle of ayu. Nucleotide sequences of the partial mitochondrial DNA control region yielded 31 haplotypes, consisting of 4 shared haplotypes among the 2019, 2020 and 2021 cohorts and 27 unique haplotypes. The overall haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity were calculated to be relatively low at 0.3503 ± 0.0206 and 0.0077 ± 0.0045, respectively, suggesting a founder event by dominant haplotypes. Star-shaped radiational haplotypes from dominant shared haplotypes on the median-joining network likely support a founder event. Although pairwise ФST values were determined to be very low among the year cohorts, only the 2019 cohort was found to have a significant difference from the 2020 and 2021 cohorts, for both of which Tajima’s D values were also statistically significant. For the overall population, multimodal mismatch distribution and negative Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs values in the neutrality test suggested population expansion or population subdivision. The native riverine population in the Tabusa River suffered habitat fragmentation and population bottleneck from dam construction, and therefore severe founder effect remained behind the artificially landlocked population with a low level of genetic diversity in the Haidzuka Dam reservoir.
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Data that supports the findings of this study will be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This study was supported in part by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan to Futoshi Aranishi in Fisheries Ecosystem Project Center, Shimane University (Contract B4R202002; B4R202102; B4R202202). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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All authors designed the study. Dalia Khatun and Tomomi Tanaka collected the samples, performed the experiment and analyzed the data. Dalia Khatun wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Futoshi Aranishi conceived the study, contributed funding, and edited the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Supplementary Table S1
Monthly haplotype frequencies of Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis based on the partial mtDNA control region (DOCX 26.7 KB)
Supplementary Table S2
Polymorphic sites of the partial mtDNA control region of Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis (XLSX 25.3 KB)
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Khatun, D., Tanaka, T. & Aranishi, F. Population structure and demographic history for year cohort dynamics of landlocked ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis in dam reservoir of Japan. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 10896–10910 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31743-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31743-7