Abstract
Recent geological, hydrochemical, and mineralogical studies performed on hypersaline salt flats have given insights into similar geo-morphologic features on Mars. These salt-encrusted depressions are widely spread across the Earth, where they are characterized by high salt concentrations, intense UV radiation, high evaporation, and low precipitation. Their surfaces are completely dry in summer; intermittent flooding occurs in winter turning them into transitory hypersaline lakes. Thanks to new approaches such as culture-dependent, culture-independent, and metagenomic-based methods, it is important to study microbial life under polyextreme conditions and understand what lives in these dynamic ecosystems and how they function. Regarding these particular features, new halophilic microorganisms have been isolated from some salt flats and identified as excellent producers of primary and secondary metabolites and granules such as halocins, enzymes, carotenoids, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and exopolysaccharides. Additionally, halophilic microorganisms are implemented in heavy metal bioremediation and hypersaline wastewater treatment. As a result, there is a growing interest in the distribution of halophilic microorganisms around the world that can be looked upon as good models to develop sustainable biotechnological processes for all fields. This review provides insights into diversity, ecology, metabolism, and genomics of halophiles in hypersaline salt flats worldwide as well as their potential uses in biotechnology.
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References
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We thank the reviewers for their helpful comments on this manuscript.
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This work was supported by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research.
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MBA designed the study, conducted the literature research, performed the data collection and analysis, and wrote the original draft. SS designed the conception of the review, gave valuable suggestions, and corrected and commented the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ben Abdallah, M., Chamkha, M., Karray, F. et al. Microbial diversity in polyextreme salt flats and their potential applications. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 11371–11405 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31644-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31644-9