Abstract
The current manuscript focuses on the advancements made in establishing zone-based biogas plants in India from 1990 to the present. India generates various types of waste from agricultural, industrial, and human activities. Several methods are available to manage and derive energy from these waste materials, such as incineration, gasification, and anaerobic digestion (AD). Among these options, AD stands out as one of the most viable and environmentally friendly alternatives for biogas production, thanks to its low energy consumption. However, developing biogas plants in developing countries faces significant challenges, primarily due to governments’ inadequate application of policy, financial, social, market, information, and technical constraints. To compile this information, data from various agencies in India have been gathered, revealing that 1.81 million biogas plants are currently installed in the West Zone, 1.48 million in the South Zone, 1.106 million in the North Zone, and 0.65 million in the East Zone. These biogas plants across the zones generate 7.02 lakh m3 per day. Additionally, 22 bio-CNG plants produce 84,759 kg/day of compressed biogas, and 201 waste plants generate 330.935 MW of electricity. Recently, the government has emphasized several initiatives, including GOBAR-DHAN, New National Biogas and Organic Manure, Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation, and the waste-to-energy program. These initiatives aim to enhance the utilization of waste, promote cleanliness in villages and towns, and support the Swachh Bharat Mission and Atmanirbhar Bharat campaign, leading to tremendous overall success.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Affairs CC on E (2019) Financial support to Integrated Bioethanol Projects using lignocellulosic biomass and other renewable feed stock. https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1566711. Accessed 28 Aug 2021
Akinbami JFK, Ilori MO, Oyebisi TO, Akinwumi IO, Adeoti O (2001) Biogas energy use in Nigeria: current status, future prospects and policy implications. RSER 5:97–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(00)00005-8
Akinbomi J, Brandberg T, Sanni SA, Taherzadeh MJ (2014) Development and dissemination strategies for accelerating biogas production in Nigeria. Bioresources 9:5707–5737. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.9.3
Amigun B, Von Blottnitz H (2010) Capacity-cost and location-cost analyses for biogas plants in Africa. Resour Conserv Recycl 55:63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.07.004
Ammenberg J, Feiz R (2017) Assessment of feedstocks for biogas production, part II—results for strategic decision making. Resour Conserv Recycl 122:388–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.01.020
Ammenberg J, Anderberg S, Lönnqvist T, Grönkvist S (2018) Biogas in the transport sector—actor and policy analysis focusing on the demand side in the Stockholm region. Resour Conserv Recycl 129:70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.10.010
Amuzu-Sefordzi B, Martinus K, Tschakert P, Wills R (2018) Disruptive innovations and decentralized renewable energy systems in Africa: a socio-technical review. ERSS 46:140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.014
Angelidaki I, Treu L, Tsapekos P, Luo G, Campanaro S, Wenzel H, Kougias PG (2018) Biogas upgrading and utilization: current status and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 36:452–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.01.011
Auburger S, Petig E, Bahrs E (2017) Assessment of grassland as biogas feedstock in terms of production costs and greenhouse gas emissions in exemplary federal states of Germany. Biomass Bioenergy 101:44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.03.008
Avery L, Joanne S, Tumwesige V (2019) Small-scale biogas digester for sustainable energy production in Sub-Saharan Africa. 587. https://doi.org/10.3390/wsf-00587
Bag S, Mondal N, Dubey R (2016) Modeling barriers of solid waste to energy practices: an Indian perspective. GJESM 2:39–48. https://doi.org/10.7508/gjesm.2016.01.005
Bajić BZ, Dodić SN, Vučurović DG, Dodić JM, Grahovacet JA (2015) Waste-to-energy status in Serbia. RSER 50:1437–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.079
Bansal M, Saini RP, Khatod DK (2013) Development of cooking sector in rural areas in India—a review. RSER 17:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.014
Bedi AS, Pellegrini L, Tasciotti L (2015) The effects of rwanda’s biogas program on energy expenditure and fuel use. World Dev 67:461–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.11.008
Bharti V (2019) India’s programmes and incentives being implemented to support biogas systems
Bhatia RK, Ramadoss G, Jain AK, Dhiman RK, Bhatia SK, Bhatt AK (2020) Conversion of waste biomass into gaseous fuel: present status and challenges in India. Bioenergy Res 13:1046–1068. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-020-10137-4
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2021) Biogas Development Fund. In: 2021. mnre.gov.in. Accessed 9 Oct 2023a
Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL). (2021) Biogas. In: 2021. idcol.org. Accessed 9 Oct 2023
Blenkinsopp T, Coles SR, Kirwan K (2013) Renewable energy for rural communities in Maharashtra, India. Energy Policy 60:192–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.077
Bond T, Templeton MR (2011) History and future of domestic biogas plants in the developing world. Energy Sustain Dev 15:347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2011.09.003
BYJU’S (2021) SATAT Initiative - Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation. https://byjus.com/current-affairs/satat-initiative/. Accessed 25 Aug 2021
Casson Moreno V, Papasidero S, Scarponi GE et al (2016) Analysis of accidents in biogas production and upgrading. Renew Energy 96:1127–1134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.10.017
Census of India (2008) “Area of India/state/district”. Government of India (2001). https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_online/Administrative_Divisions/Area_of_India.aspx. Accessed 30 Aug 2021
Census of India (2011) Populations, Size and Decadal Change by residence
CERC I (2010) Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC) India. 2010
Chen Q, Liu T (2017) Biogas system in rural China: upgrading from decentralized to centralized? RSER 78:933–944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.04.113
Chen Y, Yang G, Sweeney S, Feng Y (2010) Household biogas use in rural China: a study of opportunities and constraints. RSER 14:545–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.019
Chen Y, Hu W, Chen P, Ruan R (2017) Household biogas CDM project development in rural China. RSER 67:184–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.052
Cheng S, Zhao M, Mang HP, Zhou X, Li Z (2017) Development and application of biogas project for domestic sewage treatment in rural China: opportunities and challenges. J Water Sanitation Hyg Dev 7:576–588. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.011
Christensen D, Bach LT (2015) A Danish-Vietnamese partnership for business and technology development in solid waste management. Resour Conserv Recycl 105:123–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.10.019
Clemens H, Bailis R, Nyambane A, Ndung’u V (2018) Africa Biogas Partnership Program: a review of clean cooking implementation through market development in East Africa. Energy for Sustainable Development 46:23–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2018.05.012
D. Ravindranath SR (2011) Bioenergy in India: barriers and policy options. In: Diffusion of renewable energy technologies: Case studies of enabling frameworks in developing countries. 139
Dahlin J, Herbes C, Nelles M (2015) Biogas digestate marketing: qualitative insights into the supply side. Resour Conserv Recycl 104:152–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.08.013
De Clercq D, Wen Z, Gottfried O, Schmidt F, Fei F (2017) A review of global strategies promoting the conversion of food waste to bioenergy via anaerobic digestion. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 79:204–221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.047
Di Maria F, Barratta M, Bianconi F, Placidi P, Passeri D (2017) Solid anaerobic digestion batch with liquid digestate recirculation and wet anaerobic digestion of organic waste: comparison of system performances and identification of microbial guilds. Waste Management 59:172–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.10.039
Dieter Deublein AS (2011) Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources: An Introduction, 2nd, Revised and, Expanded. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Germany
Diouf B, Miezan E (2019) The biogas initiative in developing countries, from technical potential to failure: the case study of Senegal. RSER 101:248–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.11.011
ESCAP UN (2004) End-use energy efficiency and promotion of a sustainable energy future. New York
Gabriel CA (2016) What is challenging renewable energy entrepreneurs in developing countries? RSER 64:362–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.025
Gas M of P & N (2018) Promoting Use of Compressed Bio Gas as Alternative Green Transport Fuel. https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1557898. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
Gebreegziabher Z, Naik L, Melamu R, Balana BB (2014) Prospects and challenges for urban application of biogas installations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Biomass Bioenergy 70:130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.02.036
Ghafoor A, Rehman TU, Munir A, Ahmad M, Iqbalet M (2016) Current status and overview of renewable energy potential in Pakistan for continuous energy sustainability. RSER 60:1332–1342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.020
Ghimire PC (2013) SNV supported domestic biogas programmes in Asia and Africa. Renew Energy 49:90–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2012.01.058
Ghosh D, Sagar AD, Kishore VVN (2006) Scaling up biomass gasifier use: an application-specific approach. Energy Policy 34:1566–1582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2004.11.014
Giwa A, Alabi A, Yusuf A, Olukan T (2017) A comprehensive review on biomass and solar energy for sustainable energy generation in Nigeria. RSER 69:620–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.160
GRAMEEN SBM (2021) GOBAR-DHAN – WASTE TO WEALTH
Gu L, Zhang YX, Wang JZ, Gina Chen G, Battyeet H (2016) Where is the future of China’s biogas? Review, forecast, and policy implications. Pet Sci 13:604–624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12182-016-0105-6
Gülzow (2010) Guide to Biogas: From Production to Use
Herbes C, Chouvellon S, Lacombe J (2018) Towards marketing biomethane in France-French consumers’ perception of biomethane. Energy Sustain Soc 8:. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-018-0179-7
Hiloidhari M, Das D, Baruah DC (2014) Bioenergy potential from crop residue biomass in India. RSER 32:504–512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.025
Hirmer S, Cruickshank H (2014) The user-value of rural electrification: an analysis and adoption of existing models and theories. RSER 34:145–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.03.005
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2021) Financial Incentives. In: 2021. https://mnre.gov.in/. Accessed 9 Oct 2023b
International Institute of Health and Hygiene (2020) ENVIS Centre on Hygiene, Sanitation, Sewage Treatment Systems and Technology. http://www.sulabhenvis.nic.in/Database/TabularData_9639.aspx. Accessed 5 Jun 2021
Jiang Z, Zhongbao L, Yinghua L, Xuemin T (2011) Cultivation of the microalga, chlorella pyrenoidosa, in biogas wastewater. Afr J Biotechnol 10:13115–13120. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.358
Kabera T, Nishimwe H, Imanantirenganya I, Mbonyi MK (2016) Impact and effectiveness of Rwanda’s National Domestic Biogas programme. Int J Environ Studies 73:402–421. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2016.1165480
Kabir H, Yegbemey RN, Bauer S (2013) Factors determinant of biogas adoption in Bangladesh. RSER 28:881–889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.046
Karagiannidis A (2012) Anaerobic digestion of waste. In: Karagiannidis Avraam (ed) Waste to Energy. Springer, pp 107–35
Kelebe HE (2018) Returns, setbacks, and future prospects of bio-energy promotion in northern Ethiopia: the case of family-sized biogas energy. Energy Sustain Soc 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-018-0171-2
KERC (2005) Karnataka Electricity Regulatory Commission (KERC). 2005
Khan EU, Martin AR (2016) Review of biogas digester technology in rural Bangladesh. RSER 62:247–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.044
Khan EU, Mainali B, Martin A, Silveira S (2014) Techno-economic analysis of small scale biogas based polygeneration systems: Bangladesh case study. Sustain Energy Technol Assessments 7:68–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2014.03.004
Khanna M, Önal H, Crago CL, Mino K (2013) Can India meet biofuel policy targets? Implications for food and fuel prices. Am J Agric Econ 95:296–302. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aas040
Kothari R, Tyagi VV, Pathak A (2010) Waste-to-energy: a way from renewable energy sources to sustainable development. RSER 14:3164–3170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2010.05.005
Kshirsagar VS, Pawar PM, Mehetre ST (2019) Holistic approach for biogas technology implementation to improve sustainability. Curr Sci 116:249–255. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v116/i2/249-255
Kumar A, Kumar N, Baredar P, Shukla A (2015) A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India. RSER 45:530–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.007
Kumaran P, Hephzibah D, Sivasankari R, Saifuddin N, Shamsuddin AH (2016) A review on industrial scale anaerobic digestion systems deployment in Malaysia: opportunities and challenges. RSER 56:929–940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.11.069
Landi M, Sovacool BK, Eidsness J (2013) Cooking with gas: policy lessons from Rwanda’s National Domestic Biogas Program (NDBP). Energy Sustaina Dev 17:347–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2013.03.007
Lewis JJ, Hollingsworth JW, Chartier RT, Cooper EM, Foster WM, Gomes GL, Kussin PS, MacInnis JJ, Padhi BK, Panigrahi P, Rodes CE, Ryde IT, Singha AK, Stapleton HM, Thornburg J, Young CJ, Meyer JN, Pattanayak SK (2017) Biogas stoves reduce firewood use, household air pollution, and hospital visits in Odisha, India. Environ Sci Technol 51:560–569. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b02466
Rabia Liaquat, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Mavra Bari (2021) BIOGAS: an overlooked piece in the renewables puzzle in Pakistan. Pakistan
Lohan SK, Dixit J, Kumar R, Pandey Y, Khan J, Ishaq M, Modasir S, Kumar D (2015) Biogas: a boon for sustainable energy development in India’s cold climate. RSER 43:95–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.11.028
Lora Grando R, de Souza Antune AM, da Fonseca FV, Sánchez A, Barrena R, Font X (2017) Technology overview of biogas production in anaerobic digestion plants: a European evaluation of research and development. RSER 80:44–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.079
Lüker-Jans N, Simmering D, Otte A (2017) The impact of biogas plants on regional dynamics of permanent grassland and maize area—the example of Hesse, Germany (2005–2010). Agric Ecosyst Environ 241:24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.02.023
Martin M (2015) Potential of biogas expansion in Sweden: identifying the gap between potential studies and producer perspectives. Biofuels 6:233–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2015.1090769
Masera OR, Bailis R, Drigo R, Adrian Ghilardi A, Mercado IR (2015) Environmental burden of traditional bioenergy use. Annu Rev Environ Resour 40:121–150. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102014-021318
Mengistu MG, Simane B, Eshete G, Workneh TS (2016) Factors affecting households’ decisions in biogas technology adoption, the case of Ofla and Mecha Districts, northern Ethiopia. Renew Energy 93:215–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.066
Ministry of External Affairs G of India (2021) India’s Multilateral Engagements. In: 2021. https://mea.gov.in/. Accessed 8 Oct 2023
Ministry of Home Affairs (2021) Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. https://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/India_at_Glance/area.aspx. Accessed 30 Aug 2021
Ministry of Mahaweli Development A and TG of SLanka (2021). Biogas. In: 2021. https://mahaweli.gov.lk/. Accessed 9 Oct 2023
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2018) National Policy on Biofuels. https://mnre.gov.in/. Accessed 8 Oct 2023
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2021). Waste to Energy. In: 2021. https://mnre.gov.in/. Accessed 9 Oct 2023a
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. (2021). Research & Development. In: 2021. https://mnre.gov.in/. Accessed 9 Oct 2023b
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (2018) Press Information Bureau, Government of India. https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1532265. Accessed 7 Oct 2023
Ministry of Population and Environment G of Nepal (2021). National Biodigester Programme. In: 2021. http://nbp.org.kh/. Accessed 9 Oct 2023
Ministry of Power (2016) tariff policy. Delhi
Mittal S, Ahlgren EO, Shukla PR (2018) Barriers to biogas dissemination in India: a review. Energy Policy 112:361–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2017.10.027
MNRE (2019) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India (2019) Annual report 2018-2019 in India.
MNRE (2020b) Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial, Agricultural Wastes/ Residues and Municipal Solid Waste
MNRE (2021b) National Biogas and Manure Management Programme (NBMMP). http://164.100.94.214/biogas. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
MNRE (2021c) New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP). https://biogas.mnre.gov.in/about-the-programmes. Accessed 20 Aug 2021
MNRE (2021d) New National biogas and organic manure programme (NNBOMP). https://mnre.gov.in/bio-energy/schemes. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
MNRE (2021e) Biogas power generation (off grid) and thermal energy application programe (BPGTP). https://mnre.gov.in/bio-energy/schemes. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
MNRE (2020a) New National Biogas Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP) upto 2020. https://www.eqmagpro.com/new-national-biogas-organic-manure-programmennbomp-upto-2020-1/. Accessed 29 Aug 2021
MNRE (2021a) BIO ENERGY. https://mnre.gov.in/bio-energy/current-status. Accessed 20 Mar 2021
MOP&NG (2021) Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation. https://iocl.com/pages/satat-overview. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
Morgan HM, Xie W, Liang J, Mao H, Leib H, Ruan R, Bu Q (2018) A techno-economic evaluation of anaerobic biogas producing systems in developing countries. Bioresour Technol 250:910–921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.013
Msibi SS, Kornelius G (2017) Potential for domestic biogas as household energy supply in South Africa. Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 28:1–13. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2017/v28i2a1754
MSME (2021) List of State/UTs by Zones, Number of Districts & Registered Manufacturing MSME (Estimated)
Mukeshimana MC, Zhao ZY, Ahmad M, Irfan M (2021) Analysis on barriers to biogas dissemination in Rwanda: AHP approach. Renew Energy 163:1127–1137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.051
Mulinda C, Hu Q, Pan K (2013) Dissemination and Problems of African Biogas Technology. Energy Power Eng 05:506–512. https://doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.58055
Muradin M, Foltynowicz Z (2014) Potential for producing biogas from agricultural waste in rural plants in Poland. Sustainability (Switzerland) 6:5065–5074. https://doi.org/10.3390/su6085065
Mwirigi J, Balana B, Mugisha J, Walekhwa P, Melamu R, Nakami S, Makenzi P (2014) ScienceDirect socio-economic hurdles to widespread adoption of small-scale biogas digesters in Sub-Saharan Africa : a review. Biomass Bioenergy 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.02.018
Nevzorova T, Kutcherov V (2019) Barriers to the wider implementation of biogas as a source of energy: a state-of-the-art review. Energy Strategy Reviews 26:100414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.100414
Njoroge DK (2007) Evolution of biogas technology in South Sudan ; current and future challenges. Appropriate Technology 1–5
Pandyaswargo AH, Gamaralalage PJD, Liu C, Knaus M, Onoda H, Mahichi F, Guo Y (2019) Challenges and an implementation framework for sustainable municipal organic waste management using biogas technology in emerging Asian countries. Sustainability (Switzerland) 11:. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226331
Parawira W (2009) Biogas technology in sub-Saharan Africa: status, prospects and constraints. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 8:187–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-009-9148-0
Pathak H, Jain N, Bhatia A, Mohanty S, Gupta N (2009) Global warming mitigation potential of biogas plants in India. Environ Monit Assess 157:407–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0545-6
Patinvoh RJ, Taherzadeh MJ (2019) Challenges of biogas implementation in developing countries. Curr Opin Environ Sci Health 12:30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2019.09.006
Pazera A, Slezak R, Krzystek L, Ledakowicz S, Bochmann G, Gabauer W, Helm S, Reitmeier S, Marley L, Gorga F, Farrant L, Suchan V, Kara J (2015) Biogas in Europe: Food and Beverage (FAB) Waste Potential for Biogas Production. Energy and Fuels 29:4011–4021. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef502812s
Phadke, A and Sathaye J (2006) Cost of electric power sector carbon mitigation in India: international implications. Energy Policy 34:
Piwowar A, Dzikuć M, Adamczyk J (2016) Agricultural biogas plants in Poland—selected technological, market and environmental aspects. RSER 58:69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.153
Planning Commission (2014a) Report of the Task Force on Waste to Energy (Volume I)
Planning Commission (2014) Report of the Task Force on Waste to Energy: Volume I prepared by Planning Commission (PC). Task Force on Waste to Energy I:1–178
Planning Commission of India (2019) Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban) (PDF). https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/data/datatable/index.php?data=datatab. Accessed 10 Aug 2021
Prabakar D, Suvetha KS, Manimudi VT, Mathimani T, Kumar G, Rene ER, Pugazhendhi A (2018) Pretreatment technologies for industrial effluents: critical review on bioenergy production and environmental concerns. J Environ Manage 218:165–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.03.136
Pradeep, Amit Pal, Samsher (2020) Experimental analysis of four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine using biogas as a dual fuel. In: Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, 395–406
Putra RARS, Liu Z, Lund M (2017) The impact of biogas technology adoption for farm households—empirical evidence from mixed crop and livestock farming systems in Indonesia. RSER 74:1371–1378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.164
Qureshi VPK and MA (1985) Biogas Development in India and the PRC
Rabezandrina R (1990) Biogas: evolution of actions and prospects for the rural environment in Africa. Ambio 19:424–426. https://doi.org/10.2307/4313757
Raha D, Mahanta P, Clarke ML (2014) The implementation of decentralised biogas plants in Assam, NE India: the impact and effectiveness of the National Biogas and Manure Management Programme. Energy Policy 68:80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.12.048
Rao KU, Ravindranath NH (2002) Policies to overcome barriers to the spread of bioenergy technologies in India. Energy Sustain Dev 6:59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60326-9
Ravindranath NH, Balachandra P (2009) Sustainable bioenergy for India: technical, economic and policy analysis. Energy 34:1003–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2008.12.012
Rodriguez C, Alaswad A, El-Hassan Z, Olabi AG (2017) Mechanical pretreatment of waste paper for biogas production. Waste Management 68:157–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.040
Roopnarain A, Adeleke R (2017) Current status, hurdles and future prospects of biogas digestion technology in Africa. RSER 67:1162–1179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.09.087
Rupf GV, Bahri PA, De Boer K, McHenry MP (2015) Barriers and opportunities of biogas dissemination in Sub-Saharan Africa and lessons learned from Rwanda, Tanzania, China, India, and Nepal. RSER 52:468–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.07.107
Saidmamatov O, Rudenko I, Baier U, Khodjaniyazov E (2021) Challenges and solutions for biogas production from agriculture waste in the aral sea basin. Processes 9:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9020199
Sanches-Pereira A, Lönnqvist T, Gómez MF, Coelho ST, Tudeschini LG (2015) Is natural gas a backup fuel against shortages of biogas or a threat to the Swedish vision of pursuing a vehicle fleet independent of fossil fuels? Renew Energy 83:1187–1199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.006
Saravanan AP, Mathimani T, Deviram G, Rajendran K, Pugazhendhi A (2018) Biofuel policy in India: a review of policy barriers in sustainable marketing of biofuel. J Clean Prod 193:734–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.033
Satchwell AJ, Scown CD, Smith SJ, Amirebrahimi J, Jin L, Kirchstetter TW, Brown NJ, Preble CV (2018) Accelerating the deployment of anaerobic digestion to meet zero waste goals. Environ Sci Technol 52:13663–13669. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04481
Schmidt TS, Dabur S (2014) Explaining the diffusion of biogas in India: a new functional approach considering national borders and technology transfer. Environmental Economics and Policy Studies 16:171–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10018-013-0058-6
Shafiee S, Topal E (2009) When will fossil fuel reserves be diminished? Energy Policy 37:181–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2008.08.016
Shane A, Gheewala SH, Kasali G (2015) Potential, Barriers and Prospects of Biogas Production in Zambia. JSEE 6:21–27
Sharma N, Dubey SK, Singh L (2018) Utilizing cow dung and slurry for energy sufficiency of farms and households : experiences of field studies across three Indian states utilizing cow dung and slurry for energy sufficiency of farms and households : Experiences of field studies across three
The World Bank (2019) Solid Waste Management, Understanding poverty. 2019. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopment/brief/solid-waste-management. Accessed 30 Aug 2021
Statista (2021) Number of biogas plants across India as of March 2020, by state. https://www.statista.com/statistics/941298/india-number-of-biogas-plants-by-state/. Accessed 26 Aug 2021
Stern N (2007) The Economics of Climate Change: The Stern Review. London
Subramanyam Dr V. (2015) Statistical year book 2015, Directorate of Economics and Statistics Government of Telangana Hyderabad
Surendra KC, Takara D, Hashimoto AG, Khanal SK (2014) Biogas as a sustainable energy source for developing countries: opportunities and challenges. RSER 31:846–859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.12.015
Taherzadeh MJ and KR (2014) Factors affecting development of waste management. In: Karin M. Ekström (ed) Waste Management and Sustainable Consumption. Routledge
Tanto D, Wiratni BM (2018) Menembus Pagar Baja: Dimensi Sosial dalam Proses Difusi Teknologi Biogas. UGM Press, Jogjakarta
Terrapon-Pfaff J, Dienst C, König J, Ortiz W (2014) A cross-sectional review: impacts and sustainability of small-scale renewable energy projects in developing countries. RSER 40:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.161
Teymoori Hamzehkolaei F, Amjady N (2018) A techno-economic assessment for replacement of conventional fossil fuel based technologies in animal farms with biogas fueled CHP units. Renew Energy 118:602–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.11.054
Tigabu AD, Berkhout F, van Beukering P (2015) Technology innovation systems and technology diffusion: adoption of bio-digestion in an emerging innovation system in Rwanda. Technol Forecast Soc Change 90:318–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.10.011
Tomar SS (1995) Status of biogas plants in India—an overview. Energy Sustain Dev 1:53–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0973-0826(08)60088-5
Tyagi VK, Fdez-Güelfo LA, Zhou Y, Álvarez-Gallego C, Garcia LR, Ng WJ (2018) Anaerobic co-digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW): progress and challenges. RSER 93:380–399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.05.051
Uddin W, Khan B, Shaukat N, Majid M, Mujtaba G, Mehmood A, Ali S, Younas U, Anwar M, Almeshal AM (2016) Biogas potential for electric power generation in Pakistan: a survey. RSER 54:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.083
Vikaspedia (2021) Sustainable Alternative Towards Affordable Transportation. https://vikaspedia.in/energy/policy-support/renewable-energy-1/biofuels/sustainable-alternative-towards-affordable-transportation. Accessed 25 Aug 2021
Walekhwa PN, Mugisha J, Drake L (2009) Biogas energy from family-sized digesters in Uganda: critical factors and policy implications. Energy Policy 37:2754–2762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.03.018
WHO (2009) The energy access situation in developing countries: a review focusing on the least developed countries and Sub-Saharan Africa
Yasar A, Nazir S, Rasheed R, Tabinda AB, Nazar M (2017) Economic review of different designs of biogas plants at household level in Pakistan. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 74:221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.01.128
Yousuf A, Khan MR, Pirozzi D, Ab Wahid Z (2016) Financial sustainability of biogas technology: barriers, opportunities, and solutions. Energy Sources, Part B: Econ Plan Policy 11:841–848. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2016.1148084
Zhang L, Loh KC, Zhang J (2019) Enhanced biogas production from anaerobic digestion of solid organic wastes: current status and prospects. Elsevier Ltd
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Amit Pal for his support in editing this research and the Delhi Technical University Administration for their valuable support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Pradeep Kumar Meena, Amit Pal, and Samsher Gautam. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Pradeep Kumar Meena, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Not applicable.
Consent for publication
Not applicable.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Ta Yeong Wu
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Meena, P.K., Pal, A. & Gautam, S. Zone-wise biogas potential in India: fundamentals, challenges, and policy considerations. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 1841–1862 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31328-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31328-4