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Bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loid)s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern

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Abstract

Toxic metals and freshwater fish’s metalloid contamination are significant environmental concerns for overall public health. However, the bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loids) in freshwater fishes from Bangladesh still remain unknown. Thus, the As, Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in various freshwater fish species from the Rupsha River basin were measured, including Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Mystus vittatus, Glossogobius giuris, and Pseudeutropius atherinoides. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine metal concentrations. The mean concentrations of metal(loids) in the fish muscle (mg/kg) were found to be As (1.53) > Pb (1.25) > Cr (0.51) > Cd (0.39) in summer and As (1.72) > Pb (1.51) > Cr (0.65) > Cd (0.49) in winter. The analyzed fish species had considerably different metal(loid) concentrations with seasonal variation, and the distribution of the metals (loids) was consistent with the normal distribution. The demersal species, M. vittatus, displayed the highest bio-accumulative value over the summer. However, in both seasons, none of the species were bio-accumulative. According to multivariate statistical findings, the research area’s potential sources of metal(loid) were anthropogenic activities linked to geogenic processes. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were used to assess the influence of the risk on human health. The consumers’ THQs values were < 1, indicating that there were no non-carcinogenic concerns for local consumers. Both categories of customers had CRs that fell below the permissible range of 1E − 6 to 1E − 4, meaning they were not at any increased risk of developing cancer. The children’s group was more vulnerable to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards. Therefore, the entry of metal(loids) must be regulated, and appropriate laws must be used by policymakers.

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Acknowledgements

This manuscript is part of a master’s thesis of Khadijatul Kubra from the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), Bangladesh. We express our gratitude to PSTU academic members Dr. Muhammad Abdur Razzak, the Department of Aquaculture, and others. The Khulna, Bangladesh-based Quality Control (QC) Laboratory’s management and personnel deserve the authors’ sincere gratitude and appreciation for providing the lab space. Furthermore, the authors thank the Goiano Federal Institute and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil). Malafaia G. holds a productivity scholarship from CNPq (Proc. No. 308854/2021-7).

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Author notes

  1. Mir Mohammad Ali and Khadijatul Kubra contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Aquaculture, Sher-E-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh

    Mir Mohammad Ali

  2. Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Khadijatul Kubra & Anwar Hossain Mondol

  3. Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, 114646, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

    Edris Alam

  4. Krishi Gobeshona Foundation (KGF), BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh

    Shahrina Akhtar

  5. Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh

    Md. Saiful Islam

  6. Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI), Mymensingh, 2201, Bangladesh

    Ehsanul Karim

  7. Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh

    A. S. Shafiuddin Ahmed

  8. Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

    Md. Abu Bakar Siddique

  9. Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment, Goiano Federal Institute, Urutaí, GO, 75790 000, Brazil

    Guilherme Malafaia

  10. Quality Control Laboratory, Department of Fisheries, Khulna, 9000, Bangladesh

    Md. Zillur Rahman

  11. Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh

    Md. Mostafizur Rahman

  12. Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam

  13. Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh

    Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam

Authors
  1. Mir Mohammad Ali
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  2. Khadijatul Kubra
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  13. Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam
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Contributions

Mir Mohammad Ali: designed, writing — original draft and proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Md. Abu Bakar Siddique: Instrumental setup, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Data curation, Validation, Writing—original draft preparation, Writing—reviewing and editing. Khadijatul Kubra: Writing – original draft and proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam: Designed, Planned, Conceptualization, Writing – original draft and proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Edris Alam: Formal analysis, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Anwar Hossain Mondol: Formal analysis, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Ehsanul Karim: software, mapping, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Guilherme Malafaia: statistical analysis, formal analysis, interpretation, manuscript editing, literature review, proofreading. Shahrina Akhtar: manuscript editing, literature review, proofreading. A.S. Shafiuddin Ahmed: statistical analysis, formal analysis, interpretation, software, mapping, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Md Saiful Islam: formal analysis, validation, manuscript editing, literature review, software, mapping, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Md. Mostafizur Rahman: formal analysis, validation, manuscript editing, literature review, software, mapping, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage. Md. Zillur Rahman: formal analysis, validation, proofreading during the manuscript drafting stage.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam.

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Ali, M.M., Kubra, K., Alam, E. et al. Bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loid)s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 2343–2359 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31324-8

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