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Biogeochemical and microscopic studies of soil and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. plants affected by coal mine dumps

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Abstract

Developed areas of the coal industry are subjected to long-term anthropogenic impacts from the input and accumulation of overburdened coal material, containing potentially toxic heavy metals and metalloids (HMM). For the first time, comprehensive studies of soils and plants in the territory of the Donetsk coal basin were carried out using X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption analysis, and electron microscopy. The observed changes in the soil redox conditions were characterized by a high sulfur content, and formations of new microphases of S-containing compounds: FeS2, PbFe6(SO4)4(OH)12, ZnSO4·nH2O, revealed the presence of technogenic salinization, increased Сorg content, and low pH contents. Exceedances of soil maximum permissible concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and As in areas affected by coal dumps were apparent. As a consequence of long-term transformation of the environment with changes in properties and chemical pollution, a phytotoxic effect was revealed in Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud, accompanied by changes in ultrastructural and organization features of roots and leaves such as increases in root diameters and thickness of leaf blades. The changes in the ultrastructure of cell organelles: a violation of the grana formation process, an increase in the number of plastoglobules, a decrease in the number of mitochondrial cristae, and a reduction in the electron density of the matrix in peroxisomes were also observed. The accumulation of large electron-dense inclusions and membrane fragments in cell vacuoles was observed. Such ultrastructural changes may indicate the existence of a P. australis ecotype due to its long-term adaptation to the disturbed environment.

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Funding

The study was carried out in the laboratory «Soil Health» of the Southern Federal University with the financial support of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, agreement no. 075-15-2022-1122 and no. 075-15-2023-587, and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and SC RA, project no. 20-55-05014.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Tatiana Minkina, Dina Nevidomskaya, Aleksei Fedorenko, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva, Victor Chaplygin, Yuri Litvinov, Yuri Popov, Vishnu D. Rajput & Ming H. Wong

  2. Federal Research Center, the Southern Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

    Grigoriy Fedorenko

  3. Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Karen Ghazaryan & Hasmik Movsesyan

  4. Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China

    Christopher Rensing

  5. Consortium on Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), and Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, 999077, China

    Ming H. Wong

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  1. Tatiana Minkina
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  13. Vishnu D. Rajput
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  14. Ming H. Wong
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Grigoriy Fedorenko, Dina Nevidomskaya, Aleksei Fedorenko, and Victor Chaplygin, Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva, and Vishnu D. Rajput. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Tatiana Minkina, Svetlana Sushkova, Saglara Mandzhieva, Yuri Litvinov, Karen Ghazaryan, Hasmik Movsesyan, Yuri Popov, Christopher Rensing, Vishnu D. Rajput, Ming H. Wong, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Vishnu D. Rajput.

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Minkina, T., Fedorenko, G., Nevidomskaya, D. et al. Biogeochemical and microscopic studies of soil and Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. plants affected by coal mine dumps. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 406–421 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31064-9

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