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The effect of environmental degradation on self-reported health: the role of renewable energy consumption

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Abstract

Although there are a number of studies in the literature that have explored the effect of environmental degradation on the subjective well-being and life satisfaction, no previous study has addressed the role of renewable energy consumption in examining the effect of environmental degradation on self-reported health. To this end, we employ a conditional mixed process (CMP) model, using a unique dataset that combines both micro-level data from the 6th (2010–2014) and 7th (2017–2022) Waves of the World Values Survey (WVS) database and macro-level data from the World Bank. Our study has several important empirical findings. First, while environmental degradation deteriorates self-reported health, social capital and health expenditure have a positive impact on self-reported health. Second, the share of renewable energy consumption in total final energy consumption has a statistically significant negative impact on environmental degradation. Third, urbanization has a deteriorating effect on environmental quality and the total number of people increases environmental degradation.

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Data availability

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the World Values Survey (https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/wvs.jsp) and the World Development Indicators database (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators).

Notes

  1. Self-reported health (srh) is rated on a 4-point scale (ranging from 1, “very good” to 4, “poor”) in WVS wave 6. However, it is rated on a 5-point scale (ranging from 1, “very good” to 5, “very poor” in WVS wave 7. In order to achieve the consistency between the two waves, the original answers were reverse-coded.

  2. For a review of environmental Kuznets curve models please see Stern (2017) and Lau et al. (2023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Economics, TED University, Ankara, 06420, Turkey

    Julide Yildirim

  2. Department of Economics, Social Sciences University of Ankara, Ankara, 06050, Turkey

    Barış Alpaslan & Aysenur Karakas-Aydinbakar

  3. Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8576, Japan

    Barış Alpaslan, Aysenur Karakas-Aydinbakar & Akira Hibiki

Authors
  1. Julide Yildirim
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  2. Barış Alpaslan
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  3. Aysenur Karakas-Aydinbakar
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  4. Akira Hibiki
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Contributions

All authors, Julide Yildirim, Barış Alpaslan, Aysenur Karakas-Aydinbakar, and Akira Hibiki, contributed equally to this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Barış Alpaslan.

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Appendix

Appendix

A1. List of countries-wave 6

Wave

Country name

Country node

Freq

Percent

Cum

6

Algeria

ALG

1183

3.29

3.29

6

Armenia

ARM

1098

3.05

6.34

6

Azerbaijan

AZE

1002

2.78

9.12

6

Belarus

BLR

1514

4.21

13.33

6

Estonia

EST

1530

4.25

17.58

6

Ghana

GHA

1552

4.31

21.9

6

Georgia

GRG

1202

3.34

25.24

6

India

IND

4042

11.23

36.47

6

Kyrgyz Republic

KYR

1498

4.16

40.64

6

Morocco

MOR

1199

3.33

43.97

6

New Zealand

NEW

816

2.27

46.24

6

Netherlands

NTH

1889

5.25

51.49

6

Poland

POL

966

2.68

54.17

6

Qatar

QAT

1053

2.93

57.1

6

Rwanda

RWA

1527

4.24

61.34

6

South Africa

SAF

3529

9.81

71.15

6

Singapore

SIN

1938

5.39

76.53

6

Slovenia

SLV

1068

2.97

79.5

6

Spain

SPN

1187

3.3

82.8

6

Sweden

SWD

1203

3.34

86.15

6

Trinidad and Tobago

TRI

998

2.77

88.92

6

Ukraine

UKR

1488

4.14

93.05

6

Uruguay

URU

999

2.78

95.83

6

Zimbabwe

ZIM

1500

4.17

100

Total

24 countries

 

35,981

100

 

A2. List of countries-wave 7

Wave

Country name

Country code

Freq

Percent

Cum

7

Argentina

ARG

1001

1.97

1.97

7

Australia

AUL

1780

3.51

5.48

7

Bangladesh

BNG

1200

2.36

7.84

7

Bolivia

BOL

2066

4.07

11.91

7

Brazil

BRA

1756

3.46

15.37

7

Chile

CHL

999

1.97

17.34

7

China

CHN

3033

5.97

23.31

7

Colombia

COL

1520

2.99

26.31

7

Cyprus

CYP

999

1.97

28.28

7

Ecuador

ECU

1199

2.36

30.64

7

Egypt, Arab Rep

EGY

1200

2.36

33

7

Germany

GMY

1525

3

36.01

7

Greece

GRC

1196

2.36

38.36

7

Indonesia

INS

3200

6.3

44.67

7

Iraq

IRQ

1200

2.36

47.03

7

Jordan

JOR

1202

2.37

49.4

7

Japan

JPN

1341

2.64

52.04

7

Kazakhstan

KZK

1262

2.49

54.52

7

Lebanon

LEB

1200

2.36

56.89

7

Malaysia

MAL

1313

2.59

59.48

7

Mexico

MEX

1737

3.42

62.9

7

Nigeria

NIG

1235

2.43

65.33

7

Pakistan

PAK

1984

3.91

69.24

7

Peru

PER

1400

2.76

72

7

Philippines

PHI

1199

2.36

74.36

7

Korea, Rep

ROK

1245

2.45

76.81

7

Romania

ROM

1235

2.43

79.24

7

Russian Federation

RUS

1804

3.55

82.8

7

Serbia

SRB

1042

2.05

84.85

7

Thailand

THI

1496

2.95

87.8

7

Tunisia

TUN

1203

2.37

90.17

7

Turkiye

TUR

2405

4.74

94.9

7

United States

USA

2587

5.1

100

Total

33 countries

 

50,764

100

 

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Yildirim, J., Alpaslan, B., Karakas-Aydinbakar, A. et al. The effect of environmental degradation on self-reported health: the role of renewable energy consumption. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 343–356 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30981-z

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