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Response to gallium (Ga) exposure and its distribution in rice plants

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Abstract

Root architecture is the temporal and spatial configuration of root system in the heterogeneous matrix of soil that is prone to chemical stresses. Gallium (Ga) is among the emerging chemical pollutants that are mostly associated with high-tech industries, specifically associated with semiconductors. In view of its potential risk and increasing distribution in the environment, this study was designed to evaluate the inhibition rate, Ga distribution in different tissues, and root architecture of rice seedlings under different concentrations of Ga. We observed that 2.59, 46.7, and 168.2 mg Ga/L were minimum (EC20), medium (EC50), and maximum (EC75) effective concentrations for rice plants that corresponded to the 20, 50, and 75% inhibition on the relative growth rate, respectively. Distribution of Ga in rice tissues showed that accumulation of Ga was much higher in roots than shoots of rice seedlings, and it increased with an increase in Ga doses. Evan blue staining technique reveals that the number of damaged/dead cell was dose-dependent on Ga. Moreover, several traits associated with root system architecture demonstrating that rice root system architecture altered in response to Ga stress. Collectively, the results reveal that Ga exposure inhibited the growth and development of rice plants. This study will enhance our understanding that how different concentrations of Ga in the environment can affect plants; however, more comprehensive studies are essential to further determine plant response against Ga stress.

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Data Availability

All data are available from the corresponding author upon request.

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Funding

This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42277361).

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Author notes

  1. Dong-Chi Zhang and Abid Ullah contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People’s Republic of China

    Dong-Chi Zhang, Abid Ullah, Peng Tian & Xiao-Zhang Yu

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  1. Dong-Chi Zhang
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  2. Abid Ullah
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  3. Peng Tian
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  4. Xiao-Zhang Yu
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Contributions

Investigation, data analysis, and software, Dong-Chi Zhang; writing original draft, Abid Ullah; data analysis and visualization, Peng Tian; conceptualization, methodology, supervision, editing, and funding acquisition, Xiao-Zhang Yu. All of the authors contributed to the final review of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xiao-Zhang Yu.

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Zhang, DC., Ullah, A., Tian, P. et al. Response to gallium (Ga) exposure and its distribution in rice plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 121908–121914 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30975-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30975-x

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