Abstract
Emamectin benzoate (EB), chlorantraniliprole (CTP), chlorfenapyr (CFP), and lufenuron (LFR) are widely used to control Spodoptera exigua on cabbage. This study is aimed at establishing a universal, sensitive, accurate, and efficient method for the determination of these pesticide residues in cabbage using QuEChERS pretreatment combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography or gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‒MS/MS or GC‒MS/MS). The recoveries of these pesticides (containing metabolites) in cabbage detected by the optimized method ranged between 80.9% and 99.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.164–12.5%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of the four pesticides was determined to be 0.01 mg/kg. The standard curve, accuracy, precision, and LOQ of the analysis method all met the requirements of pesticide residue detection. The optimized method was used to detect the dissipation dynamics and terminal residues in 12 regions. The dissipation half-lives of CTP, CFP, and LFR were 3.35–7.01 d, 2.29–4.75 d, and 3.24–6.80 d, respectively. The terminal residues of all these pesticides were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs). The dietary risk assessment indicated that the dietary risk probabilities for EB, CTP, CFP, and LFR were all less than 1 and were within the acceptable range. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the residues and dietary risks of EB, CTP, CFP, and LFR for the scientific use of pesticides.
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Funding
This work was supported by the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Key Research and Development Programs (2022BBF02012), the Central Government Guides of the Local Science and Technology Development Fund Projects (YDZX2022155), Science and Technology Innovation Development Project of Tai’an (2021NS315), Provincial Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students in Shandong Province (S202210434018S, S202210439018, and S202210439030), and the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST (2022QNRC001).
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XW: completion of the experiments and draft writing. SH and LM: completion of the material characterization section and data analysis. KW and XZ: processing of experimental data. KL and NW: processing of figures and tables in the manuscript. NZ and YX: modification of the manuscript and response to reviewers. XP, BL, and WM: design and guidance of research.
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Wang, X., Hu, S., Meng, L. et al. Residue dissipation dynamics and dietary risk assessment of emamectin benzoate, chlorantraniliprole, chlorfenapyr, and lufenuron in cabbage. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 121748–121758 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30919-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30919-5