Abstract
Indoor microplastic (MP) pollution is becoming a worldwide issue because people spend more time inside. Through dust and air, indoor MP pollution may harm human health. This review summarizes recent advancements in indoor MP research, covering pretreatments, quality control, filter membranes, and identification methods. Additionally, it conducts bibliometric analysis to examine the usage of keywords, publication records, and authors' contributions to the field. Comparatively, dust and deposition samples exhibit higher MP concentrations than indoor air samples. Fiber-shaped MPs are commonly detected indoors. The color and types of MPs display variability, with polypropylene, polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene identified as the dominant MPs. Indoor environments generally demonstrate higher concentrations of MPs than outdoor environments, and MPs in the lower size range (1–100 µm) are typically more abundant. Among the reviewed articles, 45.24% conducted pretreatment on their samples, while 16.67% did not undergo any pretreatment. The predominant filter utilized in most studies was the Whatman Glass microfiber filter (41.67%), and MPs were predominantly characterized using µ-FTIR (19.23%). In the literature, 17 papers used blank samples, and eight did not. Blank findings were not included in most research (23 articles). A significant increase in published articles has been observed since 2020, with an annual growth rate exceeding 10%. The keyword microplastics had the highest frequency, followed by fibers. This indoor MP study emphasizes the need for collaborative research, policymaking, and stakeholder involvement to reduce indoor MP pollution. As indoor MP research grows, so are opportunities to identify and minimize environmental and health impacts.
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Abbreviations
- Acr:
-
Acrylic
- ABS:
-
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
- ATR-FTIR:
-
Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- CL:
-
Celloluse
- CE:
-
Cellophane
- CA:
-
Cellulose acetate
- CTA:
-
Cellulose triacetate
- CO:
-
Cotton
- EDX:
-
Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis
- EP:
-
Epoxy resin
- EVA:
-
Ethylene vinyl acetate
- EPR:
-
Ethylene-polypropylene
- EPDM:
-
Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer
- MPs:
-
Microplastics
- PF:
-
Phenolic Resin
- PR:
-
Phenoxy resin
- PEP:
-
Poly (ethylene:propylene)
- PTFE:
-
Poly tetrafluoroethylene
- PAN:
-
Polyacrylonitrile
- PA:
-
Polyamide
- PC:
-
Polycarbonate
- PES:
-
Polyester
- PE:
-
Polyethylene
- PET:
-
Polyethylene terephthalate
- PEI:
-
Polyethylenimine
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- PP:
-
Polypropylene
- PS:
-
Polystyrene
- PSU:
-
Polysulfone
- PUR:
-
Polyurethane
- PVAc:
-
Polyvinyl acetate
- PVA:
-
Polyvinyl alcohol
- PVC:
-
Polyvinyl chloride
- QA:
-
Quality assurance
- QC:
-
Quality control
- RAY:
-
Rayon
- RC:
-
Resin
- RB:
-
Rubber
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscope
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Mansoor Ahmad Bhat: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft, Writing-review & editing.
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Highlights
• Higher concentrations of MPs were seen indoors than outdoors, and fibers were the predominant shape of MPs (37.1% of studies) in indoor environments.
• Lower-size MPs (1—100 µm) mostly had a higher concentration.
• MPs were mainly characterized using a µ-FTIR (19.23%).
• The number of blank samples used in most research was not reported.
• Indoor MP analysis requires standardization.
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Bhat, M.A. Indoor microplastics: a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 121269–121291 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30902-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30902-0