Abstract
Plastic materials have many destinies on the environment, and one of them is its continuous fragmentation, originating microplastics (MP). MP act as an adsorption surface for organic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Due to its toxic and harmful properties, 16 PAH are defined as priorities in studies. Several works have evaluated the occurrence of MP and PAH individually in environmental matrices, but just a few have investigated their association. The present study aims to investigate PAH occurrence, sources, and concentration in MP from beach sediments of eight Brazilian coastal states. Sixteen PAH were analyzed by gas chromatography, in which 14 PAH were detected, and PAH total concentration (ΣPAH) ranged from 0.25 to 71.60 ng g−1. In the North and Northeast regions, the low PAH concentrations in MP appear to be related to the intense hydrodynamic processes. Naphthalene levels on the Styrofoam were above the threshold effect level in two samples and near it on one; therefore, effects in the organisms might occur due to these PAH. The Southeast and South regions are the only ones with previous studies relating PAH with MP, and ΣPAH ranged from 0.34 to 2.52 ng g−1. According to the diagnostic ratios, the PAH sources were associated with industrial and port activities, untreated effluent disposal, and urban runoff by pluvial waters. The highest ΣPAH level was found in the Styrofoam samples, suggesting that this MP type might contribute considerable to PAH dispersion on Brazilian coast beaches.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the scholarship and the Laboratory of Marine Organic Chemistry from the Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (USP). Dr Tommaso Giarrizzo is funded by CNPq #308528/2022-0.
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All the authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by Felipe Branco; analysis was performed by Felipe Branco and Tamyris Souza. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Camila Rodrigues, Felipe Branco, Tommaso Giarrizzo, and José Correa. All the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.
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Branco, F.O.L., Pegado, T., Giarrizzo, T. et al. Association between PAH and plastic fragments on Brazilian coast beaches: a baseline assessment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 121895–121907 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30863-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30863-4